Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Substance Abuse during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Illegally produced LSD may contain lysergic acid with no amination, and can cause peripheral neuropathy, gangrene, and necrosis, resembling toxic shock syndrome. Toxic human exposures to lysergic acid are rare. Peripheral neuropathy, gangrene, and necrosis were observed among cattle and sheep that consumed wheat grain infected with the fungus Claviceps pupurea, which produces lysergic acid. LSD produced illegally has no quality control or routine assurance measures are taken to assure LSD purity, as is the case with most illegal drugs,
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Drugs causing addiction phenomena can be divided into two groups: illicit and licit drugs. Illicit or illegal drug addiction may involve cocaine, heroin, opium, cannabis, amphetamines, or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. Legal drug addiction may involve alcohol, cigarettes, gambling, electronic games, food, and more.
Drugs of Abuse and Addiction
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Shalini Mani, Chahat Kubba, Aarushi Singh
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) influences diverse types of neurotransmitter systems, thus its functioning is complex and still remains unexplored. Activation of 5HT2A receptors, 5HT2C, and 5HT1A receptors lead to occurrence of psychosensory effects where 5HT1A and 5HT2C receptors be the significant modulators (Nichols, 2004). Several intracellular signaling pathways get involved on the activation of 5HT2A receptors. Inositol triphosphate–diacylglycerol pathway gets activated by the Gq-mediated signaling, leading to activation of the protein kinase C (Garcia et al., 2007). Signaling through the GPCRs cause the expression of several genes such as egr-1 and egr-2 which are necessary in producing the psychotropic effects of LSD (Gonzalez-Maeso et al., 2007). LSD-induced 5HT2A receptors activation leads to the breakdown of hippocampal prefrontal cortex. This reduces brain activity. LSD also effects the expression of BDNF. LSD-induced neuroplastic changes are the basis of persistent behavior changes. No FDA approved LSD assisted therapies exist today (Das et al., 2016).
BNC210: an investigational α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator for the treatment of anxiety disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2023
Elliot Hampsey, Adam Perkins, Allan H. Young
Due to the issues surrounding tolerability and efficacy of currently available anxiolytics outlined above, the necessity of developing novel anti-anxiety compounds is clear. Naturally, the challenging nature of drug development has left many recent development pipelines either stalled or ceased altogether. Table 1 presents a summary of selected competitor compounds recently in development. In addition to these, psychedelic compounds are now being investigated as possible treatments for anxiety alongside their use in depression, with one pre-clinical Lysergic acid diethylamide study indicating efficacy [48]. Overall, there is widespread interest in developing new anxiolytics, which is reflected in a competitive and dynamic market testing various compounds.
The therapeutic potential of psilocybin: a systematic review
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Jan van Amsterdam, Wim van den Brink
Psilocybin mushroom – a fungus that had been known and used by indigenous peoples in medicinal or spiritual contexts for perhaps thousands of years – was considered as a relatively harmless substance. An article written by R. Gordon Wasson was published in June 1957 in Life magazine in which he described in detail his experiences with what he called ‘magic mushrooms’ (i.e. psilocybin) in Mexico. This was the first time in modern times, which this substance first came to the attention of Western society. Meanwhile, scientists and physicians started using a chemically very similar (synthetic) compound, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), to study psychosis and to treat patients with mental disorders, reporting very promising results [50]. However, some years later, in 1963, the popular media had ‘framed’ psilocybin as a threat to the nation’s young people, which was probably decisive in the criminalization of psilocybin in the United States by scheduling it as a Schedule I substance on 24 October 1968 [51].
Psychedelic Knowledge and Opinions in Psychiatrists at Two Professional Conferences: An Exploratory Survey
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2022
Brian S. Barnett, Yvan Beaussant, Franklin King, Rick Doblin
Following decades of slow progress secondary to stigma, regulatory barriers, and limited research funding, medicinal psychedelic research has begun accelerating in recent years (Reiff et al. 2020). Psilocybin has shown promise in treating anxiety and depression (Agin-Liebes et al. 2020; Carhart-Harris et al. 2021), and Phase 2 trials are currently investigating its treatment potential for both major depressive disorder (Business Wire 2019) and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (Compass Pathways 2018). Recent results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy revealed that it is an efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Mitchell et al. 2021). With another successful Phase 3 study, MDMA could receive regulatory approval in the United States (U.S.) as early as 2023. Though not yet as intensively investigated, ayahuasca, ibogaine, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have also shown treatment potential for substance use and psychiatric disorders (Begola and Schillerstrom 2019; Vollenweider and Kometer 2010).