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Plant Alkaloids and Their Derivatives Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna
Huperzine A [Figure 17.2 (xiii)], isolated from the clubmoss Lycopodium serratum (Family: Lycopodiaceae), showed AchE inhibitory activity in vivo. Alpha-onocerin [Figure 17.2 (xiv)], a triterpene-type compound, from Lycopodium clavatum also showed inhibitory activity against AChE (Orhan et al., 2003). Huperzine A is also a NMDA receptor antagonist, which protects the brain against glutamate-induced damage, and increases nerve growth factor levels (Eduardo et al., 2012).
Homeopathy
Published in W. John Diamond, The Clinical Practice of Complementary, Alternative, and Western Medicine, 2017
From all the thousands of provings and clinical experience over the last two hundred years, about 2500 remedies have been indexed. The average homeopath rarely uses more than 200 remedies in everyday practice. The description or picture of some remedies occupies up to 80 pages of text, especially in the older Materia Medicas, where almost every prover’s experience was detailed. Most Materia Medicas are now computerized and the selection of the remedies to match the patient’s disease picture is done far more easily using a computerized cross-referencing repertory or listing of symptoms with associated remedies. So, for example if you wanted to know what remedy to give for chronic tonsillitis, you would look for the rubrics or symptoms listed as: THROAT, INFLAMMATION, tonsils, recurrent. The remedies that are listed under this rubric are: alumina,baryta carbonicum, baryta muriaticum, hepar sulphuris, lachesis, lycopodium, psorinum, sanguinaria, sepia, silica, and sulphur. You will note that the remedies are printed in three different styles — bold, italic, and plain. This differential printing indicates the strength of indication seen in the original provings. Almost all the provers experiencing Baryta carbonicum had a chronic sore throat during the entire length of the proving, while fewer provers of the remedies in italics had chronically inflammed throats, and only a few experienced the symptom when proving the remedies in plain type. This does not mean that you always give the remedy in bold type, but that if that symptom is predominant in the patient picture, then it warrants serious consideration. What you are attempting to do is to cover the whole patient picture including the predominant presenting symptom. For example, if the patient with the chronic tonsillitis also experienced inflammation only on the right side of the throat, craved sweets, had bad cracking of the skin on his heels, and was fearful of people, then you would look at all these symptoms and their associated proved remedies and see which remedy is common to them all. This remedy then would cover the patient’s whole picture and lead to stability of all these chaotic manifestations or symptoms in the patient. The remedy, by the way, is Lycopodium clavatum (see Figure 8.1).
Two-level delivery systems based on CaCO3 cores for oral administration of therapeutic peptides
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Natalia Sudareva, Olga Suvorova, Natalia Saprykina, Natalia Smirnova, Petr Bel'tyukov, Sergey Petunov, Andrey Radilov, Alexander Vilesov
In some cases, encapsulation of therapeutic low MW compounds [photosensibilizer Photosens with MW = 1300 Da, and antitumor preparation doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) with MW = 560 Da] was performed by diffusion into modified CaCO3 cores. Load of PE-doped CaCO3 increases with increasing area of sorptive surface due to decrease in particle size (Svenskaya et al.2013), and due to interaction between low MW compound with charged PE macromolecules (Peng et al.2010; Zhao et al.2012; Volodkin 2014). It should be noted that encapsulation by diffusion proceeds for a considerable time [from 5 to 24 h (Peng et al.2010)], which is unacceptable for solutions of rather unstable peptides. It is possible to retain encapsulated low MW compounds in DS by modifying the surface of CaCO3 cores loaded with TO. For example, polylactic acid coating formed around CaCO3 cores acted as a hydrophobic layer and protected water-soluble TO (Kudryavtseva et al.2017). The formation of shells of SiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of PE capsules help decrease capsule permeability for TO (Gao et al.2015, 2016; Timin et al.2017). In all above-mentioned cases, low MW TOs were not peptides. In our previous work (Sudareva et al.2017), therapeutic peptides were encapsulated into oral two-level DS. The first level consisted of Lycopodium clavatum spore capsules that contained target peptides, and the second (outer) level were alginate granules. It was demonstrated that after intragastric administration of these DSs to rats, the concentration of therapeutic peptide in rat blood exceeded the background concentration by a factor of 1.3–2.5 for a period of 2–3 h.
The Role of Polyphenol (Flavonoids) Compounds in the Treatment of Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Abu Hazafa, Khalil-Ur- Rehman, Nazish Jahan, Zara Jabeen
Apigenins are derived from some medicinal plants such as Lycopodium clavatum (club moss), and from some vegetables, Apium graveolens (celery) and Petroselinum crispum (parsley) (75). Recently in vitro study reported that apigenin have numerous gainful roles in anti-proliferation with the enlistment of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the cancer cells, and also shown down-regulation of NF-κB, UV-B-induced ROS, and DNA damage by removing the cyclobutane rings (76).