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Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Zhang with coworkers (2018) summarized the structures of 259 compounds isolated from the genus Leonurus, featuring 147 labdane diterpenoids. Anti-inflammation is the major bioactivity discovered so far for the labdane diterpenoids from the genus Leonurus, whose further therapeutic potential still needs study. In addition to the traditional uterine contraction and sedative activity, recently, the cardiovascular protection effect of leonurine has attracted much attention. In addition, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-platelet aggregation, and many other activities have been assigned to various compounds from the genus Leonurus. Among 70 bioactivity references cited, 57% of them concentrated on two alkaloids (leonurine and stachydrine), whereas only 20% were about the 147 diterpenoids. The sedative activity of L. cardiaca is thought to be due to the iridoids components just as in other anti-anxiety herbs. Some formulae of the most active compounds are represented in Figure 3.16.
Wild Cannabis—Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br.
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Reverse Pharmacology, 2018
Alkaloid: leonurine (Hayashi 1962) and diterpenoids: leonurenones A-C,14a-hydroxy- 9a,13a-epoxylabd-5(6)-en-7-on-16,15-olide and 13^-hydroxylabd-5(6),8(9)-dien-7- on-16,15-olide (He et al. 2012; Narukawa et al. 2015) and luteolin 7-O-p-glucoside and luteolin (Agnihotri et al. 2009).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Regarded as analgesic, antispasmodic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, laxative, nervine, sedative, tonic, and vermifugal, motherwort is especially regarded for female illnesses, e.g., amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, epilepsy, hysteria, neurasthenia, palpitations, urinary cramps, and weakness. It is said to brace up the uterine membrane (leonurine is uterotonic). Old herbalists recommended motherwort for gladdening and strengthening the heart. Useful in asthma, cholecystitis, convulsion, debility, delirium, insomnia, neuritis, neuralgia, palpitations, rabies, rheumatism, sciatica, spasms, spinal diseases, stomachache, and recovery from fevers where other tonics are inadmissable.30,32 In Russia, the plant is believed effective in cardiosclerosis, epilepsy, goiter, hypertension, rabies, and tuberculosis.30 Taken as an infusion for asthma and heart palpitations.18 Homeopathically suggested for amenorrhea, anemia, angina pectoris, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, hemorrhage, menopause, meteorism.30,33
Radiation-induced neuropathological changes in the oligodendrocyte lineage with relevant clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Drugs or compounds that target oligodendrocyte maturation could be another avenue of therapy for reducing radiation-induced oligodendrocyte damage or promoting remyelination. Leonurine, a plant-derived alkaloid known for its anti-depressive effects (Jia et al. 2017) has been shown to reduce neuroinflammation through the enhancement of remyelination and oligodendrocyte maturation (Jin et al. 2019). PPARγ-agonists such as ciglitazone also promoted the maturation of neural stem cells to OPCs in vitro (Kanakasabai et al. 2012). Apart from small molecule drugs, microRNA-814 (miR-814) also influences oligodendrocyte maturation. Overexpression of miR-814 suppresses astrocyte and neural differentiation factors as well as leucine rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein 1 (LINGO-1), the repressor of myelination (Afrang et al. 2019). Furthermore, juvenile mice with selective neural deletion of autophagy related gene 7 (Atg7) were found to be slightly more radioresistant than wild type mice, with lower incidences of cerebellar white matter injury and OPC loss (Wang et al. 2019). As Atg7 is involved in autophagy (Xiong 2015) and selective deletion of Atg7 in neural cells seemed to have a protective effect against ionizing radiation, chemical compounds that inhibit or modulate Atg7 could be radioprotective as well.
In vitro study on the effect of leonurine hydrochloride on the enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Hui Zhao, Senyao Xue, Qingzhen Meng, Cui Zhou
Leonurine hydrochloride (LH) is isolated from Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (synonyms Leonurus artemisia (Lour.) S.Y.Hu and Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet.) (Miao et al. 2019). Leonurus japonicus (Chinese motherwort) has been used to treat various diseases such as menoxenia, dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, lochia, oedema of the body, and other diseases in women and is widely used as an ethnopharmacological medicine in China (Shang et al. 2014). Inheriting from L. japonicus, LH has been reported to increase uterine contractions in rats with incomplete abortions by modulating the endothelin receptor-mediated signal pathway and has an inhibitory effect on bleeding caused by incomplete abortion in early pregnancy rats (Li et al. 2011, 2013). Besides, LH can suppress neuroinflammation by promoting oligodendrocyte maturation, showing potential as a preventive or therapeutic drug against ischemic-induced neuronal injury (Li et al. 2018; Jin et al. 2019). A recent study also revealed the hepatoprotective capacity of LH in fighting against Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as a potential adenosine 5‘monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist to regulate the hepatic lipid metabolism (Zhang, Li, et al. 2019). However, the metabolic properties of LH in the liver have not been reported.
Chao Nang Qing prescription promotes granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy by targeting GATA3
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Lan Luo, Yan Shen, Donghong Ning, Mi Tang, Licen Xie, Qiuman Zheng, Ziting Ouyang
The original Chinese medicine formula, CNQP, used in this study reduced proliferation and provoked apoptosis of KGN granulosa cells. Moreover, CNQP elevated LC3-II/I and Beclin-1 levels and decreased p62 expression in KGN cells, suggesting an autophagy-promoting effect of CNQP. Autophagy is a stress-responsive process involving autophagosome (a double-membrane vesicle) delivery of redundant or potentially dangerous cytosolic entities to lysosomes for degradation [28]. Although its role in PCOS remains controversial, autophagy performs a pivotal role from oocyte origin to fertilization, and defective autophagy in follicular cells appears in PCOS ovaries during different stages of follicles [29]. Many Chinese medicines can regulate granulosa cell autophagy, apoptosis, and viability in PCOS [10–12,30,31]. Cyperus rotundus L., a main component of CNQP, also composes cang-fu-dao-tan decoction, a classic prescription of TCM for the treatment of PCOS. This decoction improves ovarian function and follicular development and suppresses insulin resistance and mitochondria-dependent granulosa cell apoptosis in rats with PCOS [11,12]. Moreover, Qi Gong Wan, another TCM prescription, consisting of C. rotundus L. and other herbs, reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation in insulin-resistant PCOS [13]. Curculigo rhizome, another major component of CNQP, can ameliorate perimenopausal symptoms in mice [15]. Leonurine, an important active ingredient from L. japonicus Houtt., prevents premature ovarian insufficiency in mice by protecting granulosa cells from pyroptosis [14]. Overall, the three major components of CNQP show therapeutic effects on ovary-related disorders. To determine CNQP’s action mechanism, we used the BATMAN database to predict common target genes of the three major components of CNQP and selected GATA3 for further analysis.