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Chemistry of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Vetiver and patchouli are two oils of great importance in perfumery (Williams, 1996, 2004). Both contain complex mixtures of sesquiterpenoids, mostly with complex polycyclic structures (Sell, 2003). The major components of vetiver oil are a-vetivone (136), b-vetivone (137), and khusimol (119), but the most important components as far as odor is concerned are minor constituents such as khusimone (151), zizanal (152), and methyl zizanoate (153). Nootkatone (154) is an isomer of a-vetivone and is an important odor component of grapefruit. Patchouli alcohol (145) is the major constituent of patchouli oil but, as is the case also with vetiver, minor components are more important for the odor profile. These include norpatchoulenol (155) and nortetrapatchoulol (156) (Figure 6.26).
Chemical Constituents and Essential Oil Biogenesis in Vetiveria Zizanioides
Published in Massimo Maffei, Vetiveria, 2002
Khusimol (65) was first isolated from the high boiling fraction using column chromatography and its structure was given by IR and NMR (Umarani et al., 1966). Later on, long-range coupling was demonstrated in its NMR (Neville and Nigam, 1969). 65 was named khusenol in one of the publications appearing in 1968 (Nigam et al., 1968). However, IR and 1H NMR data of khusenol suggested its structure as 65. Khusimone (66) was isolated from vetiver oil (Umarani et al., 1970) as a highly odoriferous ketone and its absolute chemistry suggested its structure as 66 by spectroscopic and chemical evidence. A total synthesis of 66 has been achieved in 16 steps from the ammonium salt of l-10-camphorsulphonic acid (Liu and Chan, 1979).
Review of Antimicrobial and Other Health Effects in 5 Essential Oil Producing Grass Species
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
De Santana Campos et al. (2015) reported that 29, 50, and 100 µl ml−1 of vetiver grass oil was effective against the human and animal disease causing tick species [Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus].by decreasing egg production. They determined that vetiver grass oil consisted of khusimol, isovalencenol, α-vetivone, α-cadinol, β-vetivone, and zizanoic acid. Vetiver oil was shown to reduce the human and animal feeding sheep blowfly (Lucilia sericata Meigen) larvae by 93.33% (Khater et al. 2018). A combination of hairy basil, vetiver, and citronella oils in nano-emulsion may improve stability and extend mosquito protection (Nuchuchua et al. 2009). Arsenic is a carcinogen and vetiver grass has been found to tolerate medium amounts of arsenic and therefore may be useful as a phytoremediator from arsenic contaminated soils (Datta et al. 2011).