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Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Most plants contain so-called essential oils, which contain a mixture of volatile monterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Limonene is found in the essential oils of citrus peels, whereas menthol is the chief monoterpene in peppermint essential oil (Figure 1.5). Two potentially nutraceutical diterpenes in coffee beans are kahweol and cafestol.18 Both of these diterpenes contain a furan ring. As discussed by Miller and colleagues, the furan-ring component might be very important in yielding some of the potential antineoplastic activity of these compounds.19
Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Consumption on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins
Published in Barry D. Smith, Uma Gupta, B.S. Gupta, Caffeine and Activation Theory, 2006
Ming Wei, Harvey A. Schwertner
Gross et al. (1997) developed a simple and sensitive reverse-phase HPLC method using solid-phase extraction for the analysis of cafestol and kahweol in coffee brews. They found that Scandinavian-style boiled coffee and Turkish-style coffee contained the highest amounts, equivalent to 7.2 and 5.3 mg cafestol per cup and 7.2 and 5.4 mg kahweol per cup, respectively. By contrast, instant and drip-filtered coffee brews contained negligible amounts of these diterpenes, and espresso coffee contained intermediate amounts, about 1 mg cafestol and 1 mg kahweol per cup.
Coffee Drinking and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Marko Lukic, Neela Guha, Idlir Licaj, Piet A. van den Brandt, Leslie Thomas Stayner, Alessandra Tavani, Elisabete Weiderpass
Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee were found to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes (44), which is an independent risk factor for endometrial cancer (45). Wu et al. found an inverse association between both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and C-peptide concentration, with the strongest effect being observed in obese women (46). The levels of C-peptide were previously associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (47,48). Previous publications have suggested that coffee components might increase levels of circulating sex-hormone-binding globulin, with the effect being more distinct in obese women (49–52). As a consequence, this reduces the concentrations of bioavailable sex-steroid hormones, whose high concentrations were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (53). The diterpens kahweol and cafestol contained in coffee were found to induce apoptosis in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (54). Antitumor effects of kahweol alone were linked to its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties (55). Furthermore, kahweol has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth and survival of some types of breast cancer cells (56), and to induce synthesis of endogenous antioxidants (57). Some coffee components were also found to increase serum levels of adiponectin, protein secreted by adipose tissue with antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties (58–60), and were recently proposed as a potential biomarker for endometrial cancer (61). Finally, chlorogenic acid from coffee bean could have a favorable effect on cancer risk by reducing glucose levels in the blood and increasing insulin sensitivity, and it was also shown to have a significant antioxidant capacity (2,62).