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Herbal Products in Antihypertensive Therapy
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Fernão C. Braga, Steyner F. Côrtes
Alpinia zerumbet (Pers) B. L. Burtt and Smith (syn. Alpinia speciosa K. Schum) is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, originating from East Asia and accidentally brought to Brazil by Portuguese caravels (Victório 2011). A. zerumbet is known in Brazil as colonia and is traditionally used to treat rheumatism, heart diseases, as a diuretic and antihypertensive (Carlini 1972; Medeiros et al. 2004). Early studies demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract from A. zerumbet leaves reduced the blood pressure and the heart rate in normotensive rats and dogs (Mendonça et al. 1991). Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract from A. zerumbet leaves led to the identification of the flavonoids rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin (Mpalantinos et al. 1998). The diuretic and antihypertensive effects elicited by the extract were credited to these compounds. The hydroalcoholic extract of A. zerumbet leaves induced an endothelium- and NO-dependent vasodilator effect in mesenteric arteries from normotensive rats, by a mechanism independent of the activation of muscarinic, histaminic and adrenergic receptors, but it appeared to be partially dependent on the activation of bradykinin B2 receptors (Soares de Moura et al. 2005). The same study suggested an antihypertensive effect of a subchronic treatment with A. zerumbet in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats (50 mg/kg; orally, 28 days). In addition to the polyphenol compounds, the essential oil from the aerial parts of A. zerumbet and its main constituents, 1,8-cineole and terpinen-4-ol, are able to induce an endothelium- and NO-dependent, as well as an endothelium-independent vasodilator effect in rat aorta, and to induce an antihypertensive effect in rats (Lahlou et al. 2002; Maia-Joca et al. 2014; Pinto et al. 2009).
Radix Tetrastigma Inhibits the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 Pathway
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Yonglu Li, Yaxuan Wang, Xin Yu, Ting Yu, Xiaodong Zheng, Qiang Chu
To verify this hypothesis, we then chose some flavonoids highly existed in RT and examine their anti-A549 cells ability. According to our previous research, rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin were main components of RT flavonoids, and as Figure 5 showed, rutin and isoquercitrin exhibited unremarkable effects on cellular viabilities from 10 to 300 μg/mL, whereas kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin manifested dose-related suppressing effects on A549 cell’s viability (Figure 5C to G). Furthermore, cellular morphology was dramatically changed and cells shrank after kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside intervention. Based on these results, it could be deduced that kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside would play a role in RT’s outstanding anti-NSCLC ability. Compared to rutin, isoquercitrin and astragalin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside has been less reported about its anticancer ability, and our results might provide with a new possibility of anti-tumor components and suggest kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside as a potential and promising candidate for not only NSCLC but also other cancers therapies. Nevertheless, whether other components play a part in RT’s anti-tumor activity, and these compounds collaborated with kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside to exert synergetic effects require further study. Noticeably, the direct addition (15%, 40%) of RT in mice basic fodder could affect diet composition, however, whether these alternations would play a role in RT’s anti-NSCLC ability also need further research (Figure 6).