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Josamycin and Rosaramicin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Josamycin is active against Bacteroides fragilis (Strausbaugh et al., 1976a), but Fusobacterium spp. often show MICs > 2 mg/l (Long et al., 1976). Rosaramicin is generally more active than erythromycin against Gram-negative anaerobes such as Fusobacterium spp. and Bacteroides spp., with B. fragilis MICs < 4 mg/l (Sutter and Finegold, 1976).
Recurrent implantation failure – an overview of current research
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Veronika Günther, Sören v. Otte, Damaris Freytag, Nicolai Maass, Ibrahim Alkatout
Chronic endometritis is a frequent finding in women with repeated pregnancy loss and a significantly higher rate of successful pregnancies was achieved after adequate antibiotic treatment [13]. Women infected with common gram positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis or Streptococcus agalactiae, should be given amoxicillin (875 mg)/clavulanate (125 mg) twice a day for eight days, and gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli should be treated with ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice a day for 10 days. Women with mycoplasma and ureaplasma should be given 1 g josamycin twice a day for 12 days. When infections were cured, the implantation rate was found to be higher in the next cycle at 37%, though not statistically significant in comparison with a rate of 17% in those who had persistent infection even after antibiotic treatments. The clinical pregnancy rate in those with CE who cleared their infection with antibiotics was 65.2% in comparison with 33% in those with persistent infection (p=.039). The live birth rate in those who had cleared their CE with antibiotics was 60.8%, significantly higher than the 13.3% in those who had not cleared the infection (p=.02) [13,18].
Recent advances in antibacterial applications of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and metal nanocomposites (MNCs) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
S. pneumoniae as a Gram-positive bacterium causes various respiratory infections such as community-associated pneumonia, chronic and acute bronchitis, acute bacterial sinusitis, and other dangerous infections including bacteremia and meningitis. In the case of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, 80% and 60% values were reported for Asian and Latin American countries, respectively. Although, S. pneumoniae does not synthesize β-lactamase, it has resistance ability to β-lactam antibiotics by mutations in subunits of PBPs. These proteins are targets for β-lactam antibiotics. This type of resistance in S. pneumoniae can be resulted from horizontal gene transfer between pathogen and streptococci [17]. Other antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae is modification of targets (DNA topoisomerase and gyrase enzymes) for quinolones antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones. In this way, antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), moxifloxacin (Avelox), and gemifloxacin (Factive) have not antibacterial impact in their standard minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). In addition, resistant S. pneumoniae can use efflux pumps and target modification for escape from macrolide antibiotics involving josamycin and erythromycin [1].
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis in Greek female outpatients, 2012–2016
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Sofia Maraki, Viktoria Eirini Mavromanolaki, Eleni Nioti, Dimitra Stafylaki, George Minadakis
All Ureaplasma spp. isolates were susceptible to josamycin and doxycycline. Nearly all of them (98.3 and 96.6%) were susceptible to minocycline, roxithromycin and azithromycin, while 81.9, 85.3 and 54.3% of the strains were susceptible to erythromycin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Doxycycline, minocycline and ofloxacin were the most potent antibiotics against M. hominis. Mixed genital mycoplasmas displayed higher susceptibility rates to minocycline, josamycin and doxycycline. More than half of the strains were resistant to erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin (Table 4).