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Nanoparticles of Marine Origin and Their Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Fatemeh Sedaghat, Morteza Yousefzadi, Reza Sheikhakbari-Mehr
Nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger particles, and this property makes them more reactive to certain other molecules, and they are used or being evaluated for use in many fields. Quantum dots are the crystalline nanoparticles used to identify the location of cancer cells in the body. Gold nanoparticles allow heat from infrared lasers to detect cancer tumors. The iron oxide nanoparticles are used in better diagnosis of tumors by magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) scans. Once the nanoparticles are attached to the tumor, their magnetic property enhances the images of the scan. In addition to diagnosis, the nanoparticles are used in drug delivery and removal of new tumors. Magnetic nanoparticles that attach to cancer cells in the bloodstream may allow the cancer cells to be removed before they establish new tumors. The nanoparticles coated with proteins can be attached to damaged portions of arteries. This can allow the delivery of drugs directly to the damaged portion of arteries to fight against cardiovascular disease. Intravenous injection of gold nanoparticles (~2 nm in diameter) can enhance radiotherapy (x-rays) and results in the eradication of subcutaneous mammary tumors in mice and it is proved to increase survival of the test animal to 86 percent as against 20 percent with x-rays alone. Gold nanoparticles are non-toxic to mice and are cleared from the body through the kidney [Manivasagan and Kim, 2015; Asmathunisha and Kathiresan, 2013)].
Magnetic and Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
Published in Carla Vitorino, Andreia Jorge, Alberto Pais, Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery, 2021
The synthesis of MNPs for biomedical applications encompasses several requirements regarding the particle size, surface composition and colloidal stability under physiological conditions which are intrinsic to each specific application [12, 63–65]. These requirements pose some challenges in terms of synthetic methods. A number of synthetic strategies were developed for the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with uniform morphology, narrow size distribution and tailored properties, as extensively reviewed elsewhere [38, 66, 67]. In brief, the most common methods for the synthesis of colloidal magnetite nanoparticles include the co-precipitation method [68–70], oxidative hydrolysis [71, 72], hydrothermal treatment [73–75] and the thermal decomposition of iron-containing molecular precursors [76, 77]. The most usual and straightforward method for synthesising superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles is the co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ aqueous solutions (molar ratio 2:1) by the addition of a base (pH 8–14) in a non-oxidising atmosphere. The global chemical reaction is depicted in Eq. 5.2.
Nanoparticle-Based Medicines: A Review of FDA-Approved Materials and Clinical Trials to Date *
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Daniel Bobo, Kye J. Robinson, Jiaul Islam, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Simon R. Corrie
Inorganic nanoparticles are a well-studied field, with a large number of inorganic platforms being investigated for therapeutic and imaging treatments. For the purposes of this review, we use the term inorganic nanoparticles to cover both metallic and metal oxide materials. Iron oxide nanoparticles have undergone a number of clinical trials. Despite EU approval of several iron oxide nanoparticles, to date only three particles have completed FDA approval (Feraheme®, Feridex®, and GastroMARK™); two of which have been later withdrawn from the market. Beyond these, there are examples of metallic particles and unique oxides coming through the trial pipeline with applications in both therapeutic and imaging applications (theranostics).
Toxicity evaluation of monodisperse PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles for nanomedicine
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Vitalii Patsula, Jana Tulinska, Štěpánka Trachtová, Miroslava Kuricova, Aurelia Liskova, Alena Španová, Fedor Ciampor, Ivo Vavra, Bohuslav Rittich, Monika Ursinyova, Mária Dusinska, Silvia Ilavska, Mira Horvathova, Vlasta Masanova, Iveta Uhnakova, Daniel Horák
Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by two approaches. First, magnetite (Fe3O4) particles were obtained by the well-controlled thermal decomposition of Fe(III) oleate in OD with OA as a stabilizer (Patsula et al. 2014). The particles were dispersible in organic solvents but not in water, where all the biomedical applications proceed. Hence, the surface modification with PA-PEG or HA-PEG plays a key role since it renders the particles with colloidal stability in biological media, prevents nonspecific protein adsorption, and controls interactions with the cells. TEM micrographs of the PA-PEG@Fe3O4 and HA-PEG@Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed non-aggregated, cubic-like particles, which were uniform in size (PDI = 1.06; Figure 1(a,b)) and with a diameter ∼12 nm (Table 1). Monodispersity of the particles is important, since it renders them with the same chemical, physical, and biological characteristics.
An optimised spectrophotometric assay for convenient and accurate quantitation of intracellular iron from iron oxide nanoparticles
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Mohammad Hedayati, Bedri Abubaker-Sharif, Mohamed Khattab, Allen Razavi, Isa Mohammed, Arsalan Nejad, Michele Wabler, Haoming Zhou, Jana Mihalic, Cordula Gruettner, Theodore DeWeese, Robert Ivkov
Applications of iron oxide nanoparticles include many examples in biology and medicine. Characterization of their effects on biological processes, including toxicity, in cell culture model systems requires accurate determination of nanoparticle, that is iron ion concentration to evaluate concentration-dependent effects. For imaging and hyperthermia, accurate iron quantification in the cell or biological sample material is required to correctly interpret the translational implications of dose–response effects. Many methods are available to characterise iron concentrations, however the most reliable and accurate methods require expensive equipment and elaborate sample preparation protocols. Thus, accurate and reliable iron concentration measurements are inaccessible to researchers who lack the necessary infrastructure and equipment. In this report we described the development of a simple, rapid, low-cost and reliable method to quantify iron ion concentration in samples containing iron oxide nanoparticles. We have optimised the assay for use with various formulations of iron oxide nanoparticles as well as their intracellular concentration. Furthermore, the assay is validated by comparison with standard reference materials and ICP-MS.
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery: applications and characteristics
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Thomas Vangijzegem, Dimitri Stanicki, Sophie Laurent
Iron oxide nanoparticles have special characteristics, making them particularly attractive as magnetic drug delivery systems especially in the field of cancer therapy. The key factors determining the IONs behavior in vivo are their size (monocore or multicore, …), the nature of the coating (neutral or charged, polymers or small molecules, …) and consequently, their stability. Even if strong efforts are made in order to obtain highly sophisticated systems, one can notice that stability tests are not systematically applied or, in most of cases, are limited to water as the studied media. When considering biomedical applications, it should be emphasized that the agglomeration of nanosystems will impact their pharmaco-kinetic/dynamic behavior, influencing thus the efficacy of the targeting and/or delivery process. The study in other more complex body fluids (e.g. blood serum, blood plasma) should be envisaged. Indeed, nanoparticles flowing in these fluids are immediately covered by proteins forming what is called a ‘protein corona’. This protein corona is a parameter which should be considered in the development of magnetic nanocarriers as it will directly govern the fate and behavior of the IONs in the body, and therefore affect the drug release and other properties of the developed formulations [105,106]. Similar remark can be done for in vitro studies since agglomeration can impact on the cell internalization kinetics. Prior to studying the efficacy of the formulations on cell cultures, the stability of the developed formulations should also be evaluated in culture media and compared to the controls. Besides, as seen in Table 2, one can see noticeable discrepancies concerning the studied physicochemical properties of the developed nanocarriers.