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Using iodine for analysis
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Ion chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography which can qualify and quantify anions such as chloride ions, fluoride ions, and sulfate ions and cations such as sodium ions and ammonia ions with high sensitivity. Ion chromatography uses ion-exchange resin as the stationary phase. By utilizing the difference in the time each substance remains on the ion-exchange resin according to the strength of the charge, substances within a sample can be separated. In the suppressor between the column and the detector, ions which were originally included in the mobile phase are removed and placed on the detector.
Trueness assessment of routine electrolytes measuring systems using the candidate reference method by ion chromatography
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Rui Zhang, Shunli Zhang, Qingtao Wang
Serum samples contain a large number of organic compounds. The direct injection of macromolecular organic compounds can contaminate the separation column, and the organic substances and heavy metals may cause inhibitor damage. Therefore, sample pretreatment is of vital importance in ion chromatography. Previously, Thienpont et al. have conducted several studies assessing different pretreatment strategies for serum samples [8–10]. They suggested that the dilution factor of the samples should be higher than 20. Otherwise, the divalent ions of calcium and magnesium will remain attached to the proteins. In 2004, Röhker et al. proposed microwave digestion as a pretreatment strategy that can directly mineralize serum samples into inorganic salts [15]. In our study, the samples were pretreated with microwave digestion, and the dilution factor was 25. Calcium and magnesium were released completely, and the accuracy of detection was good. However, the inhibitor of ion chromatography can absorb calcium, which can result in errors. Therefore, the column and inhibitor must be washed with 1% diluted nitric acid frequently.
Extraction and chemical characterization of novel water-soluble polysaccharides from two palm species and their antioxidant and antitumor activities
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Dawood H. Dawood, Mohamed S. Elmongy, Amr Negm, Mohamed A. Taher
Anion-exchange chromatography has been used widely to study acidic carbohydrates and glycoproteins, but it has not been usually used for examination of neutral sugars. Though the examination of the pKa values of the neutral monosaccharides displayed that carbohydrates were actually weak acids [40]. The hydroxyl groups in sugar can be ionized to be anions under a higher pH (>12.0) according to the ionization constant and therefore the separation of different sugars can be achieved by ion chromatography (IC) using OH− as the mobile phase (eluent) [41]. In the case of low concentration of OH−, it was not easy to control ions, resulting in variable retention times [41]. Increased level of NaOH, however, remarkably increased the retention time of all monosaccharides. So, the influence of eluent concentration on the ion chromatographic retention times and separation of monosaccharides was also studied. At the high concentration of NaOH solution (25 mM), some of the tested sugars were not well separated as a result of the formation of interference zone. While at the low concentration of NaOH solution (5 mM), all sugars were eluted with broad peaks having high retention times. In order to get a reasonable separation of sugar peaks and the maximum signal-to-noise ratios, 15mM NaOH solution was chosen as an eluent. These findings were in agreement with previous studies [42,43]
Determination and seasonal analysis of physicochemical characterization and metal(oid)s of landfill leachate in Bushehr port along the Persian Gulf
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Azam Mohammadi, Mohammad Malakootian, Sina Dobaradaran, Majid Hashemi, Neemat Jaafarzadeh, Nasrin Parniani
Every leachate sample was analyzed for the physicochemical parameters including pH, alkalinity, EC, TDS, BOD5, COD, TKN, and cation as well as anion concentrations. The pH and EC were measured by using a pH meter (Elico-digital pH meter). The alkalinity, TDS, BOD5, COD, and TKN were determined according to the standard method (APHA AWWA 1998). The concentrations of anions (F−, Cl−, and PO43−) and cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) were determined through ion chromatography (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The instrumental conditions of ion chromatography (IC) for the measurement of anions and cations concentrations are displayed in Table S1.