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Inherited Differences in Alpha1-Antitrypsin
Published in Stephen D. Litwin, Genetic Determinants of Pulmonary Disease, 2020
The methods most commonly employed for the determination of trypsininhibiting activity in serum use synthetic substrates of trypsin such as Nα-benzoyl-D-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (ΒΑΡΝΑ) [29] or benzoyl-L·arginine-ethyl ester (BAEE) [30]. The hydrolysis of these substrates can be followed spectrophotometrically; the amount of trypsin inhibited is calculated from the difference of trypsin activity in the presence and absence of the sample to be tested. This method measures the total trypsin-inhibiting activity of all inhibitors present in the sample. In human serum approximately 90% of trypsin inhibition is due to alpha1-antitrypsin. The remaining 10% is contributed by other inhibitors including mainly alpha2-macroglobulin and the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor.
Applications of imaging genomics beyond oncology
Published in Ruijiang Li, Lei Xing, Sandy Napel, Daniel L. Rubin, Radiomics and Radiogenomics, 2019
Xiaohui Yao, Jingwen Yan, Li Shen
Accumulating evidences from both targeted and genome-wide association studies have consistently showed that bipolar disease share both susceptibility genetic loci, such as COMT [141], CACNA1C [142], polybromo 1 (PBRM1) [143], and polygenic background [144] with schizophrenia. Strengthened signals with genome-wide significance were identified when combining results from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder for ZNF804A, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3 (ITIH3)-ITIH4, ANK3, CACNA1C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) [145].
BST-1 as a serum protein biomarker involved in neutrophil infiltration in schizophrenia
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Liang-Jen Wang, Yu-Chi Huang, Pao-Yen Lin, Yu Lee, Chi-Fa Hung, Su-Ting Hsu, Lien-Hung Huang, Sung-Chou Li
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) proteins are structurally related plasma serine protease inhibitors, and this family member is thought to function as a tumour suppressor in breast and thyroid cancers (Zhuo et al. 2004). Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) is often involved in extracellular matrix stability and may thus play a key role in inhibiting tumour progression (Dotsch et al. 2015). Loss of ITIH5 expression may be involved in breast cancer (Himmelfarb et al. 2004) and paediatric ependymoma development (Pérez-Ramírez et al. 2016). ITIH-5 is significantly associated with obesity, body mass index, and metabolism (Anveden et al. 2012). Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with both schizophrenia and cancer have early mortality compared to the general population with cancer (Chou et al. 2016). Our study revealed that patients with schizophrenia had higher ITIH-5 levels, but further investigations are required to clarify how ITIH-5 affects cancer formation and its association with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Prostate cancer proteomics: clinically useful protein biomarkers and future perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Paula Intasqui, Ricardo P. Bertolla, Marcus Vinicius Sadi
A few different studies set out to compare BPH and prostate cancer urinary protein profiles, in search for a diagnostic panel. By applying an iTRAQ LC-MS/MS approach, 25 differentially expressed proteins were identified, with significant increase in beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), pepsin A-3 (PGA3), and mucin-3 (MUC3) expression. When all three biomarkers were used in a logistic regression model, an AUC of 0.710 was obtained, which was improved when PSA values were added to the model (AUC of 0.810) [54]. In another study, protein AMBP fragment 1 (AMBPf1) and prosaposin (PSAP) expression did not vary between BPH and prostate cancer, but was decreased compared to controls. On the other hand, AMBP fragment 2 (AMBPf2) was decreased in prostate cancer, compared both to controls and BPH, whereas inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) was higher in prostate cancer compared to the other groups [55]. A third study observed that osteopontin (SPP1) and prothrombin (F2) levels were strongly decreased in men with prostate cancer compared to BPH samples, and pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) levels, protein cross-linking molecules, were higher in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer [56].
Beta-2-glycoprotein-1 and alpha-1-antitrypsin as urinary markers of renal cancer in von Hippel–Lindau patients
Published in Biomarkers, 2018
Giorgia Mandili, Agata Notarpietro, Amina Khadjavi, Marco Allasia, Antonino Battaglia, Barbara Lucatello, Bruno Frea, Francesco Turrini, Francesco Novelli, Giuliana Giribaldi, Paolo Destefanis
The comparison between the two VHLD subgroups and healthy subjects was also performed. Interestingly only two spots, both identified as ALBU, were found to be differentially expressed between VHLD patients who did not experience ccRCC and healthy subjects (Table 3). Indeed, eight spots were differentially expressed between VHLD patients who experienced ccRCC and healthy subjects: ALBU (three spots), A1AT, IGKC (Ig kappa chain C), ITIH4 (inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4, two spots) and SEN54 (tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit Sen54) (Table 3). All comparisons are visualized in Figure 2.