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Advances in Genome Editing
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Different approaches in nanostructures are investigated by various researchers for genome editing for varied purpose. Recently, Bi-functionalized aminoguanidine-PEGylated periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles were investigated for intracellular delivery of the Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex. Gene-editing was observed with an efficiency of about 40 percent as measured by GFP gene knockdown of HT1080-GFP cells, with no notable change in the morphology of the cells (Salekdeh et al., 2021). In another study, biomimetic cancer cell coated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks were reported for genome editing carrying CRISPR-Cas9. Incubation of C3-ZIFMCF with MCF-7, HeLa, HDFn, and aTC cell lines showed the highest uptake by MCF-7 cells and negligible uptake by the healthy cells. A three-fold repression in the enhanced green fluorescent protein expression was observed (Alyami et al., 2020). CRISPR-Cas12a based nucleic acid amplification-free fluorescent biosensor was developed to detect cfDNA by a metal-enhanced fluorescence using DNA-functionalized Au nanoparticle to detect breast cancer gene-1 with very high sensitivity in 30 minutes (Choi et al., 2021).
Structural Information on Copper Proteins from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Published in René Lontie, Copper Proteins and Copper Enzymes, 1984
Thomas M. Loehr, Joann Sanders-Loehr
The EPR spectra of the pyrazolylborate-Cu(II) complexes with S-ligands have g-values that match those of the blue copper proteins, although their copper hyperfine A‖-values are normal rather than very small, as for the proteins. At this point, one could hope for the successful synthesis of similar imidazoline complexes, although the electronic spectral studies on the pyrazolyl complexes revealed that the pyrazolyl group gives similar CT transitions to that of imidazolate.73 NCA would be valuable to establish the amount of mixing in the CuN3S vibrational modes of these novel type-1 site model complexes.
Self-assembling peptides-based nano-cargos for targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy of tumors: recent developments, challenges, and future perspectives
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Xue-Jun Wang, Jian Cheng, Le-Yi Zhang, Jun-Gang Zhang
For nanomaterials to be used in clinical therapy, they must be biocompatible. As peptides are derived from parts of natural proteins, they contain a variety of essential amino acids for human health. Naturally, peptides have excellent biocompatibility, hence they are preferred for use in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (Wang et al., 2016). With SAPs, there are no intractable issues of toxicity or degradation resistance that other inorganic nanomaterials might have to contend with. For instance, the rapid degradation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles results in a high level of toxicity, while silica nanorattles are difficult to metabolically degrade (Su et al., 2019). Multifunctional nanomaterials based on SAPs exhibit greater biocompatibility than free hydrophobic drugs, thereby facilitating tumor therapy more effectively (Peng et al., 2019). SAPs nanomaterials exhibit a high degree of biocompatibility, which is critical in biomedicine.
Synthesis of dual-stimuli responsive metal organic framework-coated iridium oxide nanocomposite functionalized with tumor targeting albumin-folate for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Xiangtian Deng, Renliang Zhao, Qingcheng Song, Yiran Zhang, Haiyue Zhao, Hongzhi Hu, Zhen Zhang, Weijian Liu, Wei Lin, Guanglin Wang
Metal-organic framework (MOF), which formed by organic ligands and metal ions or clusters, have gained increasing concern in molecular imaging, drug delivery, and biomedical applications, owing to its advantages of tunable chemical composition, high specific surface area and easy functionalization features (Q. Zheng et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021). Of these, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has been considered as most attractive drug delivery nanoplatform because of its properties of excellent biocompatibility and pH-responsive biodegradability (L. Gao et al., 2019; Shao et al., 2021; Yu et al., 2021). More importantly, zinc ions have a high affinity with photosensitizer Ce6, allowing Ce6 molecular to be incorporated into ZIF-8 by one-pot encapsulation. Considering these unique properties, an intelligent nanoplatform based on biocompatibility and biodegradability was constructed for the combination of PDT and PTT against cancers.
ZIF-8 nanoparticles coated with macrophage-derived microvesicles for sustained, targeted delivery of dexamethasone to arthritic joints
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Yao Wang, Dan Zhang, Ming Jia, Xiu Zheng, Yan Liu, Chenglong Wang, Fenting Lei, Hong Niu, Chunhong Li
Until now, as one of the widely used glucocorticoids, Dex has been encapsulated by various nanoparticles, including liposomes, hydrogels, micelles, as well as zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), to enhance its therapeutic efficacy [14,15]. For instance, Na Liang et al. used Dex-loaded Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to enhance osteogenic differentiation and promote bone repair [16]. Shizhen Geng et al. used Dex-loaded ZIF-8 to enlarge nuclear pores and reshape the tumour microenvironment [17]. Among these carriers that encapsulate Dex, ZIF-8 is a promising delivery vehicle with high loading efficiency that has been widely used to transport proteins [18], DNA [19–21], and small-molecule drugs [21]. ZIF-8 is also known for its non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, and pH-responsive properties [22], which can be utilised for selective drug release in the acidic microenvironment of inflamed joints. However, ZIF-8-based drug carriers are rapidly eliminated by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) [23]. To increase the therapeutic efficacy of such delivery systems, they can be camouflaged with naturally derived materials to form biomimetic nanosystems with prolonged circulation time and improved targeting ability [24].