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Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Reported to be apertif, aphrodisiac, CNS-stimulant, hallucinogenic, stimulant, and tonic, iboga is a folk remedy for convalescence, debility, fever, hypertension, neurasthenia.32,33,58
Phytotherapeutic Agents in Epilepsy
Published in Vikas Kumar, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu, Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management, 2018
Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic indole alkaloid isolated from Tabernanthe iboga (Fam. Apocynaceae) and other plants of the same family and is claimed to have anti-addictive properties. The drug has been shown to demonstrate in vitro and in vivo NMDA receptor blocking activity and good antiepileptic activity in the MES seizure model in mice.149
An Agenda for Action III: Treatment, Evaluation, and Research
Published in Barry Stimmel, Drug Abuse and Social Policy in America, 2014
There are a number of other drugs that are being studied for their effectiveness in allowing a person to remain free of illicit substances. These include appropriate psychotropic agents when an underlying psychologic disturbance exists regardless of the type of drug dependency. There are many drugs currently being tested for the ability to eliminate the cocaine craving. These include bromocryptine (Parlodel), amantadine (Symmetrel), and various antidepressants. Ibogaine, a hallucinogen extract from the African rain forest shrub Tabernathe iboga, has been promoted as a cure for heroin addicts, in that it eliminates craving and allows detoxification without withdrawal.18 However, this drug has also been shown to be neurotoxic and in high doses can produce tremors, loss of muscle control, and hallucinations. Antidepressants that inhibit serotonin uptake, such as fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil) have also been used to diminish alcohol consumption, as have dopamine agonists such as bromocryptine. Several antidepressants, especially fluoxetine, have also been suggested to be helpful in treatment of amphetamine and cocaine dependency. The effectiveness of any of these agents in well-controlled trials remains to be determined.
On Addiction, Complexity, and Freedom: Toward a Liberation-Focused Addiction Treatment
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2019
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the use of ibogaine as a method for treating opiate and other addictions (Brown 2013). Derived from Tabernanthe iboga, a plant used in sacred ceremonies by practitioners of the Bwiti religion in West Central Africa, ibogaine is now understood to be an “addiction interrupter” (Lotsof 1995). Increasingly being used as a treatment for addictions, this healing plant also has the potential to increase the capacity for freedom among those who are successfully treated with it. Amanda, who built on her ibogaine experience to transform her life, reflected on her journey: I’ve been clean ever since, a year and a half now…. I’ve got a job that I love, an amazing new boyfriend, my relationships with my family are healed; my life is totally different than it was. I’m healthier and happier than I can ever remember being. I have no craving or desire for the drugs that used to control my life…. I’ve been given a chance to hit the reset button, to begin my life again. Ibogaine is not a miracle drug. You have to really want it, and you have to be willing to do the work, and it is some of the most challenging work I’ve ever done in my life.” (Heyes and Carlander 2014)
Changes in Withdrawal and Craving Scores in Participants Undergoing Opioid Detoxification Utilizing Ibogaine
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2018
Benjamin J. Malcolm, Martin Polanco, Joseph P. Barsuglia
Ibogaine, a psychoactive and psychedelic alkaloid found in the root bark of Tabernanthe iboga or bark of Voacanga africana, has a complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile that is not completely understood (Jenks 2002). Ibogaine exhibits significant affinity for targets in many neurotransmitter systems. Affinities and Ki values less than 10 μM were found at κ opioid receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors, dopamine and serotonin reuptake pumps, σ-1 and σ-2 receptors, as well as nicotinic receptors (Litjens and Brunt 2016). Ibogaine is converted to noribogaine by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2D6. There is significant heterogeneity within humans regarding metabolic capacity of CYP2D6. There are also drugs that inhibit the enzyme’s metabolic capacity, creating potentially significant drug-drug interactions. One study found a 26-fold increase in peak plasma concentrations of ibogaine and a 66-fold increase in the area under the curve (AUC) or total drug exposure in patients that took ibogaine after being pretreated with a CYP2D6 inhibitor (paroxetine 20 mg) compared with a placebo (Glue et al. 2015b). This study exemplifies the role of CYP2D6 in the pharmacokinetics of ibogaine and its likely impact on efficacy and safety parameters of ibogaine use (Glue et al. 2015b; Litjens and Brunt 2016). In persons exhibiting the most common CYP2D6 phenotype (extensive metabolizers), the half-life of ibogaine was found to be 7.45 hours (Mash et al. 2001).
Ibogaine treatment outcomes for opioid dependence from a twelve-month follow-up observational study
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2018
Geoffrey E. Noller, Chris M. Frampton, Berra Yazar-Klosinski
The present epidemic of opioid dependence justifies consideration of novel therapeutic options. Ibogaine treatment, associated with reduced opioid use, attenuation of withdrawal symptoms, and cessation of cravings (7), offers an underutilized yet promising option in response to the limitations of available treatments. Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid with stimulatory and hallucinogenic effects that is derived from the root bark of the West African shrub Tabernanthe iboga. Iboga’s powerful psychedelic properties remain a central component of ceremonial use in the Bwiti religion among the Gabonese Fang people of West Africa, who still incorporate iboga in religious ritual, with lower doses of the root bark used as a stimulant and appetite suppressant (8). Purified ibogaine hydrochloride (HCl) was previously marketed, at 5–8 mg doses used 3–4 times per day, under the trade name Lambarene in France (1939–1970) as an antidepressant and enhancer of mental and physical ability (9).