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Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Noorunnisa Begum, K. Ravikumar
Decalepis hamiltonii is the only species without a cousin in the botanical world. Over-exploitation and destructive harvesting of the roots are the major threats to the plant, causing population reduction. Its vernacular names are Śariba, Śvēta śāriva (Sanskrit), Māgāḷi bēru (Kannada), Nannāri (Malayalam), Mākāḷi kiḷaṅgu (Tamil) and Māreḍu geḍḍalu (Telugu). It is endangered under A2c, d of ver. 3.1 of the I.U.C.N. red list categories and criteria (Mishra et al. 2017). It is endemic to the Deccan region and occurs in the hilly tracts of Eastern and Western Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It is sparsely seen in Kerala. Annual domestic consumption of Śvēta śāriva by herbal industries was estimated at 200 M.T. for the year 2014–2015 (Goraya and Ved 2017). It is extensively used for the preparation of pickles in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Most of the herbal industries use this species as a substitute for Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.
Unbiased research
Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Part I, Vol. I: Hemidesmus indicus root is used for digestive impairment, diarrhea, cough, asthma, pruritus, obstinate skin diseases, fever, inflammation, neurological disorders, asthma, cough, fever, and diseases due to vitiated blood.
Protecting Pancreatic β-cells from Metabolic Insults
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
β-Amyrin palmitate (Figure 2.22) isolated from the roots of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. given to Wistar rats at a single oral dose of 100 µg/kg, 30 minutes before oral loading of glucose, lowered 30 minutes peak glycemia from 8.1 to 5.5 mmol/L whereby intraperitoneal administration of this triterpene had no effects suggesting an inhibiting effect of intestinal absorption of glucose or hypoglycemic effect of a β-amyrin after fist pass metabolism.362 This triterpene given to streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats (glycemia: 12.2 mmol/L to 13.8 mmol/L) orally for 20 days at a daily dose of 50 µg/kg for 20 days lowered glycemia from about 16 to 7 mmol/L, a value close to normal group value (5.5 mmol/L) and superior to glibenclamide at 500 µg/kg/day (9.5 mmol/L).362 This treatment, attenuated weight loss, repleted hepatic glycogen, and lowered total cholesterol.362 β-Amyrin palmitate given to alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats (glycemia: 16.6 to 18.8 mmol/L) orally for 15 days at a daily dose of 50 µg/kg lowered glycemia from about 24.5 to 9 mmol/L, a value close to the effect of insulin (at 5 IU/kg: 6 mmol/L; normal 5 mmol/L).362This pentacyclic triterpene repleted hepatic glycogen and lowered total cholesterol to normal in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats after 15 days of treatment.362 The precise mechanism involved here is unknown. Note that α-amyrin palmitate, which not uncommon in members of the family Apocynaceae is antiinflammatory as administered orally at a dose of 56 mg/kg/day daily for 8 days to rodents with complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritic rats lowered plasma granulocytes and hyaluronate and blood granulocytes toward normal levels. It is therefore tempting to speculate that the chronic oral administration of β-amyrin palmitate could protect pancreatic β-cells against alloxan-induced inflammation allowing the functionality of β-cells and increased insulin secretion. Further studies on that triterpene of potential value for the treatment of metabolic syndrome are needed. It should be noted that the roots of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. also contain 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid (Figure 2.23), which given to streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats orally at a dose of 500 µg/kg/day for 7 weeks increased plasma insulin from 6.8 to 16 µU/mL (normal 15.6 µU/mL; tolbutamide: 13.9 µU/mL), lowered plasma glucose from 288 to 75 mg/dL (normal 69.3 mg/dL), replenished hepatic glycogen, pized serum lipid profile as well as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase363 and improved pancreatic histoarchitecture.364 The root of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. represents an interesting candidate for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in metabolic syndrome. Further studies are warranted.
2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde from Hemidesmus indicus is antagonistic to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Arunachalam Kannappan, Ravindran Durgadevi, Ramanathan Srinivasan, Ricardo José Lucas Lagoa, Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian, Arumugam Veera Ravi
Hemidesmus indicus belongs to the family Apocynaceae, and is commonly called Anantamul (Hindi) or Nannari (Tamil) in the local languages in India. The roots of this plant are used in folk medicine to treat several conditions, including blood diseases, diarrhea, skin diseases and kidney and urinary disorders (Rajan et al. 2011). Furthermore, the root extract has been reported for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective and antioxidant properties (Prabakan et al. 2000, Ravishankara et al. 2002). The relevance of H. indicus in the Indian system of medicine has stimulated research on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the plant and derived compounds in the past decades (Mishra et al. 2018; Turrini et al. 2019; Kannappan et al. 2019a). 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) is an understudied dietary compound identified in H. indicus. As indicated in the guidelines for Botanical Drug Development issued by FDA in 2016, HMB can be used as the marker compound in H. indicus (FDA 2016). Earlier studies have shown that the presence of phenolic and aldehyde groups in HMB are responsible for its potent antimicrobial activity (Harohally et al. 2017). Due to its unique structural attributes and water-soluble nature, HMB has further attracted interest. The phenolic compound has been reported to have potent antioxidant activity and antiaflatoxigenic properties (Wang et al. 2010; Harohally et al. 2017). It already showed a potent inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori (Srikanta et al. 2011). Although several studies were performed with H. indicus root, none has investigated the efficacy of H. indicus and its bioactive molecule HMB in biofilm formation by nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of H. indicus and HMB against biofilm formation by SE.