China
Africa
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Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
HCH, formerly called benzene hexachloride (BHC), was synthesized in 1825, apparently by Faraday. Its insecticidal action was discovered in the UK in 1942, when it was first known under the code name 666; it became widely used during the 1950s in agriculture, veterinary medicine and public health.
Selection of abstracts from Baylor Scott & White Health Central Texas Scholars Day
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Angela D. Rutherford, Wendy Hegefeld, William Culp, Patrick Lowry, Hania Janek, Shekhar Ghamande, Megan Newman, Austin Metting, J. Scott Thomas, V. Maxanne Flores, Niraj Vora, Christian Cable
Ovarian hilus cells are found in the ovarian hilum. Of the few reported cases of hilus cells occurring outside the ovarian hilum, all have been incidental findings associated with other gynecological abnormalities. The objective was to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with hilus cell heterotopia (HCH) at our institution between 2003 and 2020. Eight cases were identified. Patient age ranged from 43 to 70 years. Three patients had postmenopausal bleeding, two had pelvic pain, two had asymptomatic ovarian cysts, two had elevated preoperative CA-125, one had uterine prolapse, and one had Turner syndrome. HCH was an incidental finding in all cases. One or more other abnormalities occurred in seven of eight cases: adenomyosis (four cases); leiomyomata, endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and ovarian serous cystadenomas (three cases each); and ovarian fibroma, ovarian serous borderline tumor, Brenner tumor, and adenomatoid tumor (one case each). All patients were disease free throughout follow-up. HCH is a rare incidental finding sometimes present in gynecologic surgical pathology specimens, usually the fallopian tube. This study showed that other gynecological abnormalities were identified alongside HCH in most cases. Additional study is needed to determine whether HCH can have clinically significant hormonal effects or display neoplastic potential.
Hydrogen gas protects against delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning in a rat model
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Meihua Shen, Yijun Zheng, Kaimin Zhu, Zhonghai Cai, Wenwu Liu, Xuejun Sun, Jiankang Liu, Duming Zhu
Hydrogen (H2) is the simplest molecule in nature. It not only exists in nature but also can be generated in the human intestine. Traditionally, H2 is believed to function as an inert gas at body temperature in mammalian cells. In 2007, Ohsawa et al. reported that H2 inhalation protects the brain against I/R injury by selectively neutralizing hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite [11]. Since then, the protective effects of H2 have been investigated extensively in multiple organs. Indeed, studies have demonstrated that hydrogen can protect against brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [11,12], Parkinson Disease [13], atherosclerosis [14], metabolic syndrome [15] and other diseases, mainly by scavenging hydroxyl radicals, inhibiting inflammation, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Most studies have used 2%-4% hydrogen gas so far [11]. Recently, our group showed high concentration of hydrogen (HCH) gas (67% H2, 33% O2) is also effective in the treatment of several diseases in animal models [16–18]. This mixed gas was produced using an AMS-H-01 hydrogen/oxygen nebulizer (Asclepius, Shanghai, China), which generates H2 and O2 by electrolyzing water. Although several studies have shown that H2 is effective in treating acute CO poisoning in rat models [19–22], hydrogen is mainly administered in the form of hydrogen saturated saline and the effects were limited. Therefore, whether HCH is protective in CO poisoning and its neurological sequelae remains unclear.