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Restricted and Banned Herbals
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Reverse Pharmacology, 2018
Chemical composition: The major stimulant alkaloid of A. catechu is arecoline (up to 0.2%), the remainder of the alkaloid content (total about 0.45%) being composed of arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline. The seeds contain procyanidins known as arecatannins, which have been linked to carcinoma.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Nuts contain the alkaloids, arecoline, arecaine, arecaidine, and arecolidine, isoguvacine, guvacine, and guvacoline; tannins (18%), (tannic- and gallic-acid), fats (14 to 18%; with glycerides of palmitic-, stearic-, myristic-, lauric-, oleie-, margaric-, nonadecanoid-, and heneicosanic-acids), choline, catechin, saccharose, mannan, galactan, other carbohydrates and proteins, and some Vitamin A.1 Gum, mucilage, and resin are also reported. Per 100 g, the shoot is reported to contain 43 calories, 86.4 g H2O, 3.3 g protein, 0.3 g fat, 9.0 g total carbohydrate, 1.0 g ash, 6 mg Ca, 89 mg P, and 2.0 mg Fe. Per 100 g, the mature seed is reported to contain 394 calories, 12.3 g H2O, 6.0 g protein, 10.8 g fat, 69.4 g total carbohydrate, 15.9 g fiber, 1.5 g ash, 542 mg Ca, 63 mg P, 5.7 mg Fe, 76 mg Na, 446 mg K, 0.17 mg thiamine, 0.69 mg riboflavin, 0.6 mg niacin, and a trace of ascorbic acid.21
Metabolism of the areca alkaloids – toxic and psychoactive constituents of the areca (betel) nut
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2022
Guvacoline (norarecoline) is a N-demethylated congener of arecoline that retains a labile methyl ester functional group, but it remains to be determined if guvacoline hydrolysis to its carboxylic acid derivative guvacine occurs in vivo or in vitro by enzyme-facilitated mechanisms.