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Eichhornia crassipes: Shedding Light on its Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Industrial Uses
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Fadia S. Youssef, Noor H. Aysa, Mohamed L. Ashour
Eichhornia crassipes is a rich source of flavonoids represented by gossypetin (33), tricin (34), azaleatin (35), chrysoeriol (36), luteolin (37), apigenin (38) from the aqueous and petroleum extracts of the rhizome and the shoot that was ascertained using paper chromatography. In addition, orientin (39), kaempferol (40), quercetin (41), isovitexin (42) were identified also from the roots and shoots; meanwhile, 4H-pyran4one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (43) was obtained from the ethanol extract (Figure 9.3) (Nyananyo et al. 2007, Vasu et al. 2009, Lata and Dubey 2010a, Jayanthi et al. 2011).
Medicinal Plants of Mongolia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Narantuya Samdan, Odonchimeg Batsukh
Chemical constituents: organic acids, 0.8% tannins, β-sitosterol, 0.5%–1.1% salidroside (rodioloside) (Dumaa, 2006), chlorogenic acid, rhodioline, rosiridine, rosavine, rhodiooctanoside, monghroside (Dumaa, 2006; Wiedenfeld et al., 2007), gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, umbelliferone, scopoletin (Ligaa et al., 2005). Cyanoglycosides: rhodiocianoside A (Figure 1.20) and hodiocianoside B, octyl α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1–6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin, and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1–3)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Yoshikawa et al., 1995).
Therapeutic Implications of Rhodiola sp. for High Altitude Maladies: A Review
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Kalpana Kumari Barhwal, Kushal Kumar, Suryanarayan Biswal, Sunil Kumar Hota
Flavonoids isolated from R. rosea, such as gossypetin and kaempferol—have been shown to inhibit the activity of neuraminidases in vitro.32 Salidroside has also been reported as an antiviral agent, both in vivo and in vitro, against coxsackievirus B3 possibly by modulation of mRNA expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-2.70 Clinically, R. rosea has shown to significantly decrease the mean Hamilton anxiety rating scale and reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.7 Standardized extract SHR-5 of rhizomes of R rosea has shown antidepressant potency in patients with mild to moderate depression during phase-III clinical studies.14
Protective effect of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin pretreatments on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Mehmet Berköz, Serap Yalın, Ferbal Özkan-Yılmaz, Arzu Özlüer-Hunt, Mirosław Krośniak, Renata Francik, Oruç Yunusoğlu, Abdullah Adıyaman, Hava Gezici, Ayhan Yiğit, Seda Ünal, Davut Volkan, Metin Yıldırım
The effects of myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin on cellular immune response were analyzed by spleen lymphocyte proliferation. Since, the spleen contains both B and T cells, the analysis of lymphocyte proliferation has been a direct approach to identify the condition of cellular immune response of any animal [32,52]. In the present investigation, the capability of proliferation of spleen lymphocytes was much lower in animals of the cyclophosphamide treated group than the animals in control group; however, treatments with myricetin, apigenin, and hesperidin remarkably enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. While high concentrations of myricetin and hesperidin were more potent in proliferation of spleen lymphocyte in cyclophosphamide-administered rats, this situation was found to be opposite for apigenin treatment. We think that this may be due to the partial cytotoxic effect of high-dose apigenin on rat splenic lymphocytes [53]. In accordance with our results, Ustunsoy et al. [54] reported that gossypetin significantly enhanced the proliferation of human lymphocytes on cyclophosphamide treated conditions. Another study on the ethanolic extract of Cyrtomium macrophyllum (200 mg/kg) has been shown to potentially enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in mice, which was decreased by cyclophosphamide administration [55].
Total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the iRhom2/TACE signalling pathway activity in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Su Liu, Lifang Ye, Jing Tao, Chao Ge, Liji Huang, Jiangyi Yu
Many traditional Chinese medicines are commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other ailments. Abelmoschus manihot L. (Malvaceae) medic (AM), is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat inflammatory diseases (Tu et al. 2013). The total flavones of A. manihot (TFA) are extracted from AM and have been approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration (Z19990040) for the treatment of nephritis. The main bioactive components of TFA including isoquercitrin (C21N20O12), hibifolin (C21N18O14), myricetin (C15N10O8), quercetin-3′-O-d-glucoside (C21N20O12), quercetin (C15N10O7), hyperoside (C21N20O12) and gossypetin (C15N10O8) have been standardized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Trendafilova et al. 2011; Xue et al. 2011). It has been reported that TFA improve renal inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, purpura nephritis, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and DN effectively in the clinical trial (Liu et al. 2012; Tu et al. 2013; Ge et al. 2016). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TFA elicit an anti-inflammatory effect as well as its pharmacological mechanisms in treating DN remain unclear.
Rhodiosin and herbacetin in Rhodiola rosea preparations: additional markers for quality control?
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Zoltán Péter Zomborszki, Norbert Kúsz, Dezső Csupor, Wieland Peschel
Regarding R. rosea, the isolated flavonoids are usually glycosides of kaempferol, gossypetin and herbacetin (2). In total, approximately 20 flavonoids have been described from this species, including tricin, herbacetin, gossypetin and their glycosides found in leaves/flowers/aerial parts, as well as flavonolignans and herbacetin found in underground parts, i.e., in rhizome or root (Zapesochnaya and Kurkin 1983; Zapesochnaya et al. 1985).