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Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The isoflavone genistein (Figure 12.14) was first isolated from the dyer’s broom plant (Genista tinctoria) in 1899. Structure of genistein.
Role of Medicinal Plants in Targeting Important Signaling Pathways in Cervical Cancer
Published in Anne George, Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi, Blessy Joseph, Sabu Thomas, Sebastian Mathew, V. Raji, Holistic Healthcare, 2017
Savita Pandita, Rashmi Deshpande, Shama Aphale, Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway that regulates cell proliferation and survival by controlling the cell cycle. It plays a central role in mediating diverse cellular functions like cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, and angiogenesis.60 An imbalance in AKT/mTOR pathway contributes to malignant transformation and is frequently observed in cervical cancer patients.21,61,62 Thus, targeting this signal pathway offers a promising approach for cervical cancer therapy. Recently, it has been shown that chemoradiation response rate can be improved by using AKT inhibitors in patients with cervical cancer.63 In clinical trials, various drugs have been shown to target PI3K (PI103andBGT226), AKT (PerifosineandGSK690693) and mTOR pathways (temsirolimus, everolimus, and ridaforolimus) pathways.64,65 The use of phytochemicals to overcome chemoresistance and target this pathway is currently being evaluated for development of potential drugs against cervical cancer.66 The medicinal plants that have been reported to target PI3K/AKT/mTOR in cervical cancer include Camellia sinesis,67Selaginella tamariscina,68Boswellia serrata,69Genista tinctoria,70Vitis vinifera,71 and Magnolia officinalis.72
The Role of Polyphenol (Flavonoids) Compounds in the Treatment of Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Abu Hazafa, Khalil-Ur- Rehman, Nazish Jahan, Zara Jabeen
Genistein was first isolated from dyer’s broom Genista tinctoria plant. The main sources are soybeans, fava beans, and psoralen. Also founds in many medicinal plants like Flemingia vestita and Flemingia macrophylla (83). Genistein indicates chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive exercises in numerous tumors, particularly in hormone-dependent cancers. The in vivo and in vitro studies conformed its antineoplastic effects in prostate, breast, urinary, colon, and skin cancer (84). Tian et al. (85) reported that in lung cancer treatment genistein (25–75 μM) could inhibit the cell proliferation and migration of H446 cell by the induction of cycle arrest at G2/M-stages and apoptosis. In the prostate malignancy (LNCaP and PC-3) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KYSE-150), genistein repress the DNMT by the reduction of cellular accessibility of SAM with the dose of 20–50 μmol/L (86). In the breast cancer the conjugates of EGF-genistein could inhibit the EGF-Rc tyrosine kinase and induce the apoptosis, killing approximately 99.99% of clonogenic breast cancer cells (87). A study revealed that in the treatment (25–100 μM) of colon cancer cells, genistein exhibit pro-apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects (88).