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Historical review of vitiligo
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Maja Kovacevic, Nika Franceschi, Mirna Situm, Andy Goren, Andrija Stanimirović, Yan Valle, Torello Lotti
The first study involving a topical corticosteroid was conducted in the 1970s with betamethasone 17-valerate in flexible collodion by Kandil, applied once daily on localized vitiligo macules with more or less satisfactory results, depending on the duration of the disease and disease stage.33 Other studies involving betamethasone 17-valerate soon followed.34,35 Additionally, studies involving clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream36–39 and later fluticasone propionate and mometasone were also conducted.40
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Delivered to the Lung
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Stefanie K. Drescher, Mong-Jen Chen, Jürgen B. Bulitta, Günther Hochhaus
Bhagwat et al. (2017) utilized a model similar to that shown in Figure 6.1 to predict the pulmonary PK of dry powder inhalers from in vitro properties. This study aimed to predict the systemic exposure after inhalation of fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and mometasone furoate. No attempts were made to predict the pulmonary drug concentrations. Drug dissolution was presumed to be the rate-limiting step of the absorption for these low solubility drugs, and permeability was consequently not incorporated into the model. The total lung dose was predicted from cascade impactor studies using realistic breathing profiles and anatomical throats. And the central to peripheral lung ratio (c/p) was estimated by utilizing the previously described MPPD® particle deposition model. Dissolution was integrated into the model as described above. The PK predictions of both approaches were in agreement with clinically observed data. Approach 2 has a simpler structure and performs equally well than the more mechanistic approach 1 (Bhagwat et al. 2017). Baeckman et al. used a similar overall model to predict the performance of a new corticosteroid AZD5423 (Bäckman et al. 2017b).
Drug Therapy in Rhinology
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
A comprehensive study compared fluticasone propionate 400 μg daily, with BDP 400 μg daily and with topical placebo over a 12-week period in a double-blind randomized parallel group that was conducted in a single centre study.12 The symptom score was significantly improved in the fluticasone group and the nasal cavity volume improved in both active treatment groups when measured with acoustic rhinometry. The peak nasal and inspiratory flow also improved in both active groups but the improvement was quicker in the fluticasone propionate group. After 12 weeks there was no difference statistically in the symptoms between the two active groups.
Updates in the diagnosis and practical management of allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Chiara Trincianti, Maria Angela Tosca, Giorgio Ciprandi
Similarly, MP-AzeFlu provided effective, rapid, and sustained symptom control in a real-life setting among 170 patients (≥12 years) from Denmark, modifying mean ± standard deviation symptom severity visual analog score (VAS) value from 67.1 ± 19.3 mm at baseline to 28.4 ± 23.7 mm on the 14 days of use [44]. Berger et al. conducted an open-label trial on children aged 4–12 years with a history of AR comparing MPAzeFlu and fluticasone propionate. MP-AzeFlu led to a more significant reduction in total symptom score, achieving in 80% of patients mild or no symptom state up to 16 days quicker than with FP. In addition, more children who received MPAzeFlu experienced mild or no symptoms throughout the study period versus FP (73.4 vs. 66.0%) [45]. These studies demonstrate that MP-AzeFlu as a combination treatment can satisfy patient needs and expectations, such as prompt relief, affecting nasal and ocular symptoms in all patient types, and helping improve patients’ adherence to therapy [46].
Small airways targeted treatment with smart nebulizer technology could improve severe asthma in children: a retrospective analysis
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Wytse B. van den Bosch,, Sanne F. Kloosterman,, Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou,, Rients Greidanus,, Mariëlle W. H. Pijnenburg,, Harm A. W. M. Tiddens,, Hettie M. Janssens,
In total 35 patients with SA used the Akita® between January 2010 and December 2019. Four patients did not provide informed consent for the use of clinical data therefore 31 patients were included in the study. Of these 31, three were lost to follow up and seven patients did not use the Akita® for 1 year because they were non adherent (n = 3), experienced adverse events (n = 3) or switched to another therapy (n = 1) (Figure 1). The adverse events were: suppressed growth velocity, weight gain, gingivitis and development of a skin rash. Of the patients who reported adverse events 2 were on budesonide and 1 on fluticasone propionate. In total 21 patients used the Akita® for at least 1 year. Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1. Mean age was 11.2 ± 3.8 years. Gender was evenly distributed. In the work up of their SA 61.3% of patients had a bronchoscopy performed and all patients had a chest computed tomography scan done.
Pediatric respiratory medicine
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2021
Tamizan Kherani, Sze Man Tse, Martha L. McKinney
Several observational studies have reported an association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and asthma exacerbations in children, postulating that vitamin D may have immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, including the induction of regulatory T-cell, promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and attenuation of Th2 responses. Forno and colleagues reported on the Vitamin D to Prevent Severe Asthma Exacerbations (VDKA) Study, which randomized children with asthma aged 6 to 16 years on inhaled corticosteroids with serum vitamin D levels <75 nmol/L to 4000 IU/day of vitamin D or placebo for 48 weeks.23 Children continued on fluticasone propionate throughout the trial. Interestingly, the trial was terminated early due to a lack of efficacy, as the time to a severe asthma exacerbation and other secondary outcomes did not differ between the intervention and control groups. The Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in asthmatic children with vitamin D deficiency: A randomized controlled trial (ESDAC trial), which randomized children with asthma aged 4-12 years with serum vitamin D levels <50 nmol/L to 1000 IU/day of vitamin D or placebo for 9 months, also reported negative results.24 The proportion of children having a Childhood Asthma Control Test score ≥20 at the end of the trial and the number of exacerbations did not differ between the two groups. A significant limitation of this study was that only 34% of children in the supplementation group achieved a serum vitamin D level ≥20 nmol/L by the study’s end.