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Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Kavitha Krishnan, Julianne Werner
A dosage of 150–200 mg/d of elemental iron for three months is recommended to treat iron deficiency.25 Iron is most commonly available in the form of ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate and ferrous fumarate. Although fumarate is most easily absorbed, sulfate and gluconate forms are preferred since they are inexpensive, and are also bioavailable.2 The amount of elemental iron in each iron salt varies, hence the type of the supplement will determine the dosage. Ferrous sulfate is 20% elemental iron, ferrous fumarate 33%, and ferrous gluconate 12%.26
Development in Infant Nutrition
Published in Frank Falkner, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide:, 2021
Various forms of elemental iron have been incorporated into foods for infants. Feeding studies in growing pigs, a species whose gut is similar to that of the human infant, have shown that electrolytic iron with a particle size less than 40p. is bioavailable (Anderson et al., 1974). Iron salts in the form of ferrous fumarate and ferrous succinate have been shown to be bioavailable; however, the technical problems associated with use of these components to fortify foods for infants is unclear (Ziegler, 1989a; Hurrell et al., 1989).
Surgical considerations including haemorrhage and transfusion
Published in Sheila Broderick, Ruth Cochrane, Trauma and Birth, 2020
Sheila Broderick, Ruth Cochrane
Whether or not she is iron deficient she should be prescribed iron supplements (e.g. ferrous sulphate tablets 200mg bd or ferrous fumarate syrup 20 mls bd) to maintain her haemoglobin level during the pregnancy. In this way the inevitable bleeding at delivery will hopefully not render her too anaemic.
Iron homeostasis in host and gut bacteria – a complex interrelationship
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Yohannes Seyoum, Kaleab Baye, Christèle Humblot
A range of methods is used to combat anemia in large-scale programs in low- and middle income countries. Ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, and elemental iron are most frequently used for fortification and have different characteristics that are taken into account in their use. Ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate are characterized by high bioavailability, although they may turn rancid or change in flavor or in color. Although only half as bioavailable, ferrous sulfate does not undergo physical and sensory changes.109 The chelated iron complex, ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) is frequently used since it is highly bioavailable due to its inert chemical reactivity to lipid peroxidation and resistance to luminal inhibitors such as phytate.109,110 Nano iron has also been tested as it does not require solubilization in the stomach prior to uptake by enterocytes as whole nanoparticles via endocytosis.111
Preventing complications by persistence with iron replacement therapy: a comprehensive literature review
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Maurizio Serati, Marco Torella
A variety of iron preparations exist, therefore it is important to compare them and their potential to enhance adherence. In a systematic review of 111 studies and 10,695 patients, a lower incidence of adverse events (approximately 4%) and notably gastrointestinal events was observed for ferrous sulfate with polymeric complex compared to other oral ferrous supplements (ferrous gluconate, ferrous glycine sulfate, ferrous sulfate without polymeric complex and ferrous fumarate [the highest rate of adverse events at 47%], all p < .001) (Figure 2)70. In their study, ferrous sulfate with polymeric complex was as well tolerated as ferric iron (iron protein succinylate)70. The authors suggest that improved tolerability may lead to better adherence and improved quality of life. Heterogeneity of study designs and methods was noted as a limitation; however, this was common for all of the supplements studied.
The effectiveness of iodine supplementation during pregnancies in geographical areas of high prevalence of iodine insufficiency
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Mallika Vongchana, Sakaewan Ounjaijean, Theera Tongsong, Kuntharee Traisrisilp
A prospective longitudinal study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, with ethical approval by the institutional review board. Pregnant women who attended antenatal care and had delivery at our hospital between March 2015 and September 2016 were invited to participate in the study. Women consented to provide a urine sample and gave permission for us to access their baseline data. The eligibility criteria included the following: (1) Singleton pregnancy; (2) First visit of antenatal care in the first trimester; (3) Thai ethnicity; (4) Reliable gestational age based on certain and regular menstruation consistent with a clinical estimation or an ultrasound biometry in the first half of pregnancy. The exclusion criteria included the following: (1) Any thyroid disease which was diagnosed previously or currently; (2) History of thyroid gland surgery or receiving I131; (3) Receiving an iodine-containing supplement; (4) Receiving any medication for thyroid treatment; (5) Family history of thyroid disease; (6) Loss of follow-up or incomplete data. All pregnant women received one tablet of Triferdine daily, which composed potassium iodide (150 μg), ferrous fumarate (185 mg) and folate (400 μg), from the first visit until delivery. It was manufactured by the Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organisation. The results of iodine status were not disclosed until the end of the study and were not used for any clinical decisions. Women recruited in the study were treated in the same way as in a routine standard antenatal care.