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Rationale and technique of malaria control
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles
Fenitrothion is an ortho-dimethyl-nitro-tolylphos-phorothioate known under the proprietary names of Sumithion or Folithion. It has been widely used in agriculture. Trials in Kisumu, Kenya, showed that it can be of value for residual control of malaria vectors when used as a water-dispersible powder for house spraying. At a dosage of 2 g/m2 this insecticide gave good results for about 3–4 months. This insecticide can be used for spraying houses provided that various precautionary measures are observed for protection of sprayers and domestic animals.
Quercetin ameliorates the hepatic apoptosis of foetal rats induced by in utero exposure to fenitrothion via the transcriptional regulation of paraoxonase-1 and apoptosis-related genes
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Khairy A. Ibrahim, Mohammed Eleyan, Soad A. Khwanes, Rania A. Mohamed, Heba Ali Abd El-Rahman
Fenitrothion, an organophosphorus compound, is extensively used to control a wide range of agricultural pests (Mehta et al.2009). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition is the primary action of this insecticide, which leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and over-stimulation of their receptors (Giordano et al.2007). Fenitrothion is mostly absorbed through the pulmonary, digestive, and integumentary systems (Cao et al.2019) leading to simple and rapid intestinal assimilation. Moreover, fenitrothion has a lipophilic nature (Selmi et al.2018) which stimulates its placenta pass and induces foetal toxicity along with damage in different organs related to chronic syndromes like the brain, kidney, and liver. Essentially, the liver is the principal metabolising site for detoxification of pesticides, like fenitrothion which enters the hepatic portal vein from the gastrointestinal tract (Al-Attar 2011). Accordingly, the accumulation of this insecticide in biological membranes produces the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Verma et al.2007), which eventually leads to several pathological complications (Giordano et al.2007), including liver diseases (Franco et al.2009).
Validation and kinetic of enzymatic method for the detection of organophosphate insecticides based on cholinesterase inhibition
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Fenitrothion is an organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor in which the serine hydroxyl moiety in the enzyme active site is phosphorylated via a chemical reaction. It is effective against chewing, penetrating and sucking insect pests, and as a vector control agent for malaria (Worthing 1987; Thomson 1989; Holmes and Boag 1990).
Polyneuropathy following acute fenitrothion poisoning
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Jung Taek Park, Kyoung Ho Choi
The clinical usefulness of electrophysiological studies is well documented in organophosphate (OP) poisoning [1–3]. We report a case of acute fenitrothion poisoning with unusual polyneuropathy, which suggests that electrophysiological study may also be useful in other critical illnesses following OP poisoning.