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Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Aciclovir, famciclovir and valaciclovir are the systemic antiviral agents in current use for both herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections. They all inhibit phosphorylation of viral thymidine kinase which prevents viral DNA synthesis and virus replication. They are only effective while there is active viral replication and must therefore be given within 48 hours of the onset of vesicles. They can be used for treating: Herpes simplex if the patient has disseminated disease, frequent recurrences, eczema herpeticum or recurrent erythema multiforme.Herpes zoster. This is much less sensitive to these drugs than herpes simplex so bigger doses need to be given.
Fibromyalgia
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
A novel combination of famciclovir and celecoxib (IMC-1) is currently under development for fibromyalgia under the hypothesis that recurrent reactivation of a tissue-resident herpes virus in genetically susceptible individuals could contribute to the symptoms of fibromyalgia.151 Both famciclovir and celecoxib have antiviral properties known to suppress herpes simplex virus (HSV).
Neurological Disease of the Pharynx
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Herpes zoster results from Varicella zoster virus infection, which remains in the dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia in a latent state. Reactivation can lead to palsies of the lower cranial nerves. Disease manifestation is commoner in patients over 60. Treatment includes famciclovir or acyclovir antiviral agents. The disease has equal prevalence throughout the world.
Can Psychedelics Alleviate Symptoms of Cluster Headache and Accompanying Mental Health Problems? A Case Report Involving Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2020
Shevaugn Johnson, Quentin C. Black
Six months following her experience with d-lysergic acid amide, Mrs. M was formally diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 1 by her treating physician. While she had been experiencing herpetic facial blisters since adolescence, in 2017 she presented with blisters along the right buttocks and the left side of her chin and upper lip. This viral reactivation was accompanied by her classic symptoms of cluster headache. Upon receiving daily treatment of famciclovir for the first two months (250 mg twice per day/450 mg twice per day during active breakouts), Mrs. M’s symptoms of cluster headache had remitted. Once this treatment course had finished, Mrs. M was put on remedial treatment, in which she took the medication for seven to ten consecutive days, with breaks of a few weeks to a few months until she experienced the breakouts again, at which point she would recommence the antiviral therapy. After starting antiviral therapy, Mrs. M reported that the frequency of pain reduced from daily to semiannual periods of cluster attacks. These attacks involved left-sided facial burning occurred during the periods in which Mrs. M came off of her medication, and resolved within a few days upon recommencing the antiviral therapy. This ultimately assisted to restore her psychosocial functioning.
Review for Disease of the Year: Varicella Zoster Virus-Induced Anterior Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun, Luca Cimino, Yonca Aydin Akova
All patients with acute HZO should receive antiviral therapy in order to shorten the course of the disease and reduce the frequency and severity of ocular complications. The treatment of acute HZO infection with oral acyclovir 800 mg five times daily, valacyclovir 1000 mg three times daily, or famciclovir 500 mg three times daily for 10 days, given within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms reduces the incidence and severity of anterior uveitis 32,33,50–52 Valacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir and famciclovir, a prodrug of penciclovir, with improved bioavaliability, have both been shown to be equivalent in HZO treatment. In general, these drugs are safe and well tolerated. Because of dosing advantages, valacyclovir and famciclovir may be preferred to acyclovir for the treatment of HZO. 52,53 A dose adjustment may be required in patients with renal insufficiency.
A case of herpes simplex virus reactivation after fractional ablative carbon dioxide laser to treat a burn scar
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Anissa Zaouak, Rym Benmously, Houda Hammami, Samy Fenniche
Mainly three antiviral agents have proven their efficacy against HSV infection with an excellent safety profile and few potential side effects. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are nucleoside inhibitors that interfere with viral DNA chain elongation. Acyclovir has low bioavailability necessitation frequent dosing. Valacyclovir, the oral prodrug pf acyclovir, has greater bioavailability and a less frequent dosing schedule (10). Famciclovir exhibits greater bioavailability and utilizes a convenient dosing schedule. When a herpetic outbreak occurs, drug dosages should be increased to maximum zoster levels or even change to a different antiviral agent (5,10).