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Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Nowadays in cosmetology, many products use or contain acrylic ingredients.24 For example, nail sculpting, including extensions and enhancements, is made of an applied acrylic mixture that becomes hard and inflexible so nails last. Acrylic nails, commonly known as fake nails or artificial nails, can be pre-sculpted or sculpted in situ.22 Sculpted nails can use a two-component acrylic resin or UV-cured acrylic resin.22 The two-component acrylic resins are made in the salon by mixing a powder and a liquid that react without the need of a UV lamp. The powdered polymer typically contains polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer solution typically contains ethyl methacrylate (EMA). PMMA is a combination of two different monomers, such as EMA and MMA. However, many other acrylates have been used in cosmetology.11,22,25 Another common source of acrylics in nail salons in recent years is the long-lasting nail polish, commonly known as gels, which do require an ultraviolet (UV) or light-emitting diode lamp for 2–3 min to cure. Lastly, cyanoacrylate or methacrylate glues are commonly used for placing pre-sculpted nail applications or extensions, applying nail art, fixing broken nails, or placing eyelash extensions.22,23
Non-Viral Delivery of Genome-Editing Nucleases for Gene Therapy
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Numerous other polymers, such as poly[(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (pDMAEMA), poly(β-amino ester)s, and various carbohydrate-based polymers and dendrimers, are currently under preclinical trials account for DNA delivery. A polymeric vector consists of non-ionic poloxamer CRL1005, and the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride has been pushed to clinical development. This formulation is being under investigation in a Phase II/III clinical trial for a genetic vaccine to prevent CMV infection in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant [1, 85, 86] [Table 12.2]
The Human Nail: Structure, Properties, Therapy and Grooming
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Kenneth A. Walters, Majella E. Lane
These formulations are used to effectively ‘sculpture’ artificial nails and consist of an acrylic resin obtained by blending a methyl, ethyl, or isobutyl methacrylate monomer and a polymethyl or ethyl methacrylate polymer. The monomer contains a stabilizer such as hydroquinone and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine as an accelerator, and the polymer also contains benzoylperoxide as a polymerization initiator. Other components such as plasticizers, solvents, accelerators and pigments may also be included (Kanerva et al., 1996).
Tailoring the monomers to overcome the shortcomings of current dental resin composites – review
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2023
Jingwei He, Lippo Lassila, Sufyan Garoushi, Pekka Vallittu
Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM, as shown in Figure 12) synthesized by the reaction between 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with 1-bromohexadecane is the most studied quaternary ammonium mono-methacrylate in recent years [110]. Wang [111] added 10 wt.% of DMAHDM into Bis-EMA/PMGDM (pyromellitic dianhydride glycerol dimethacrylate) resin matrix to prepare a DRC. The obtained DRC showed an excellent antibacterial rate (more than 90%) without compromising flexural properties. In another study [112] it was found that even 5 wt.% of DMAHDM in Bis-GMA/TEGDMA endowed the DRC with strong antibacterial activity while maintaining flexural properties and that the effect lasted for 6 months in distilled water. However, Cherchali et al. [113] reported that a DRC with 10 wt.% of DMAHDM in the resin matrix (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA) had good antibacterial activity but lower flexural strength than the control DRC. Vidal et al. [114] also reported that 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% of DMAHDM in DRCs did not influence mechanical properties in dry condition. However, after 30 d of water immersion, the mechanical properties of the DMAHDM containing DRCs were lower than those of the control DRC. The different results in the above-mentioned studies might be due to the differences in matrix composition, filler characteristics and filler content.
Fabrication of a dual stimuli-responsive magnetic nanohydrogel for delivery of anticancer drugs
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Bakhshali Massoumi, Rogayeh Mossavi, Sanaz Motamedi, Hossein Derakhshankhah, Somayeh Vandghanooni, Mehdi Jaymand
The N,N′-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomer was supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, dried over calcium hydride, distilled under vacuum, and stored at −20 °C before use. Maleic anhydride (MA), cystamine dihydrochloride (Cys.2HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O; 99%), ferric chloride hexanhydrate (FeCl3·6H2O; 98%), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (MPS), and NH4OH (25% of ammonia) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Biological reagents, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphe-nyltetrazolium bromide) powder were supplied from Invitrogen. Methotrexate (MTX) was provided from EBEWE Pharma.
A perfect stimuli-responsive magnetic nanocomposite for intracellular delivery of doxorubicin
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Aliyeh Ghamkhari, Marjan Ghorbani, Samira Aghbolaghi
The pH-responsive block copolymers have weak acid or base moieties such as carboxylic acid and tertiary amines as core-forming blocks [17,18]. The polymers that bear tertiary amino groups, such as poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) and poly[2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDEAEMA), have been widely exploited in various applications as pH-responsive materials [19]. As a result of the protonation and deprotonation of the tertiary amino groups, these polymer chains can swell and shrink upon a change in pH across the pKa [20]. In addition, the stimuli-responsive block copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were utilized as a thermo-responsive polymer This polymer has a cloud point (or lower critical solution temperature (LCST)) of 32 °C [21,22]. The major drawback of PNIPAM block copolymers for developing the polymeric nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications is nano-degradability. Moreover, the local hyperthermia is necessary for nanomaterial destabilization and subsequent release of the encapsulated drug [23,24]. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known anti-cancer drug that has been used for the effective treatment of many types of cancers [25]. However, its clinical application is limited by side effects and drug resistance. DOX is introduced as a chemotherapeutic drug, due to its short- and long-term cardiac toxicity. Hence, it is interesting to improve the anticancer activity and reduce the systemic toxicity of DOX with the development of a drug delivery system [26–28].