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Tissue Preparation For Autoradiography the Autoradiographic Process
Published in Lelio G. Colombetti, Principles of Radiopharmacology, 2019
Alicia S. Ugarte, Lelio G. Colombetti, Dieudonne J. Mewissen
Embedding — The tissues which until now have been processed in stoppered containers should now be transferred to a gelatin capsule. They are embedded in a hard medium such as butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, epoxy resin, or other plastic polyesters. After the solidification of the plastic medium, the gelatin capsule is removed by immersion in water for a few minutes.
Advances in stent technology
Published in John Edward Boland, David W. M. Muller, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterisation, 2019
Smriti Saraf, Paul Bhamra-Ariza
Everolimus is an analog of sirolimus used in both second- and third-generation DES. Different coronary stents have been developed using everolimus as an anti-proliferative agent. The Xience V (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) consists of a CoCr platform with thin stent struts (81 um). The polymer consists of two layers – a thin primer adhesion layer of poly (n-butyl methacrylate) and a drug reservoir of polymer (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). Approximately 80% of the drug is eluted in the first 30 days and 100% by four months.56 The Promus Element plus and Promus-premier DES (Boston Scientific Corporation, USA) use the same drug and polymer as the Xience V but have a different stent platform. The PtCr platform is stronger than stainless steel and comparable to CoCr, enabling a reduction in strut thickness while maintaining radial strength and simultaneously improving radio-opacity. The Promus Element plus has been further modified to include additional connectors on the proximal two segments of the stent in an effort to address concerns of reduced axial strength and potential risk of longitudinal stent deformation.10
Coronary artery stenting
Published in Debabrata Mukherjee, Eric R. Bates, Marco Roffi, Richard A. Lange, David J. Moliterno, Nadia M. Whitehead, Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention, 2017
Raffaele Piccolo, Stephan Windecker
The stent coating consists of one to three layers. The most important layer is the polymer, which contains the drug and allows for drug elution into the arterial wall. Supplemental layers are found in most DES and consist of either top coatings to delay drug release (e.g., poly n-butyl methacrylate [PBMA]) or base coatings to increase polymer adhesion to the stent struts (e.g., Parylene C). While in the early development stage durable (nonbiodegradable) polymers dominated, new-generation stents preferentially use biodegradable polymer carriers. Coatings are typically spray coated or dip coated.
Nanoparticle carrier co-delivery of complementary antibiofilm drugs abrogates dual species cariogenic biofilm formation in vitro
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Guilherme Roncari Rocha, Kenneth R. Sims, Baixue Xiao, Marlise I. Klein, Danielle S.W. Benoit
Using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), a diblock copolymer, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-butylmethacrylate-co-propylacrylic acid) or p(DMAEMA)-b-p(DMAEMA-co-BMA-co-PAA), was prepared for all studies reported here (Figure 1A). Through sonication, the diblock self-assembled into micelles (Figure 1B). During self-assembly, drug loading occurred via thermodynamically favorable interactions with the various chemical moieties of the NPC (e.g. hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions). Furthermore, the pH-responsive core block imbibed control over drug release based on the microenvironment: slow release at neutral pH and rapid release at acidic pH (Figure 1C). The specific polymer composition was chosen due to its high percentage of butyl methacrylate (BMA) within the core (78%) (represented in red in Figure 1A), polydispersity index (PDI – Mw/Mn) and corona-to-core molecular weight ratio (CCR) close to 1 (1.04 and 0.93, respectively), and high surface charge (+20.2 mV) (Figure 1D), which we have previously established to have excellent antibiofilm delivery capabilities [29–31,48].
Effects of crosslink density in zwitterionic hydrogel coatings on their antifouling performance and susceptibility to silt uptake
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Julian Koc, Eric Schönemann, Robin Wanka, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Harrison Gardner, Geoffrey W. Swain, Kelli Hunsucker, Andre Laschewsky, Axel Rosenhahn
Initiator 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile ("AIBN", Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany; 98%) was crystallized from methanol prior to use. Butyl methacrylate (‘BMA’, Sigma Aldrich Chemie, Germany, 99%, containing 10 ppm of monomethylhydroquinone ‘MEHQ’ as inhibitor) was purified prior to use by distillation. Monomer 3-[N-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl] ammonio propane-1-sulfonate 1 (‘SPE’, Sigma Aldrich Chemie, Germany, ≥ 97%) was used as received. The synthesis of 2-(4-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl methacrylate (BPEMA) was as described by Buller et al. (2013).
Inhibitory effects of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer on the adherence of bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infection
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Hiroyuki Iuchi, Junichiro Ohori, Takayuki Kyutoku, Kotoko Ito, Masaki Kawabata
MPC copolymerizes efficiently with styrene and with alkyl methacrylate such as butyl methacrylate (BMA). Poly [MPC-co-BMA] [PMB] was used. As PMB, 5.0 wt% aqueous solution (Lipidure-PMB, NOF Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with an MP/BMA copolymerization composition ratio of 8:2 was used. The molecular weight of the polymer was >5 × 105.