China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Third Stage Of Labor
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Alyssa R. Hersh, Jorge E. Tolosa
Syntometrine is a combination drug containing oxytocin 5 IU and ergometrine 0.5 mg and is administered intramuscularly. As with ergot alkaloids alone, side effects are significant, including nausea, vomiting, and hypertension [7, 15].
Ergot Alkaloids
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Ergot alkaloids (ergot, also known as sclerotium, is derived from the French word argot meaning “spur,” referring to the fruiting structure of the ergot fungus Claviceps that resembles the spurs on rooster legs, see Figure 86.1) are mycotoxins produced by a diversity of filamentous ascomycetes that form symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with agricultural plants (e.g., rye, wheat, barley, millet, and grasses). Typically, the mycelia of these fungal taxa invade plant seed, and generate an alkaloid-containing structure (i.e., ergot or sclerotium), which may cause ergot alkaloid poisoning (or ergotism) in humans and animals upon ingestion.
Restricted and Banned Herbals
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Reverse Pharmacology, 2018
Chemical composition: 0.15-0.5% alkaloids. Three classes of ergot alkaloids: the ergotamine group (ergotamine, ergosine and the corresponding isomers) the ergotoxine group (ergocornine, ergocristine, ergokryptine and their isomers) and ergotamine group (ergometrine and its isomer).
Safety of drugs used for the treatment of migraine during pregnancy: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Jessica A Spiteri, Gabrielle Camilleri, Carlo Piccinni, Janet Sultana
Several effective antimigraine medications are reasonably safe for use by pregnant women. For the acute episode, acetaminophen remains a recommended first-line agent although concerns with its possible association with negative endocrine and neurodevelopmental outcomes cannot be ignored and require further research. NSAIDs in the first trimester, with perhaps exception of ibuprofen, have been associated with spontaneous abortion. They do not seem to be major teratogens although the available evidence is less clear on this point. While as a class they seem safe during the second trimester, they are less so beyond 20–30 weeks and are associated with adverse neonatal renal and vascular effects. Triptans seem not to be associated with congenital malformations or spontaneous abortions with sumatriptan being the drug with most evidence behind it. Ergot alkaloids remain contraindicated in pregnancy and have lost their role in migraine management in general due to the advent of better alternatives.
Biosensors for the detection of mycotoxins
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Akansha Shrivastava, Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Ergot alkaloids are the secondary metabolites of fungi and these are produced by various species of Claviceps. The effect of this group of alkaloids has been shown in the middle ages called "Holy Fire" or "St. Anthony’s Fire", also known as the disease ergotism. Other alkaloids include ergometrine, ergotamine, and ergotoxine (Crews 2015, Miedaner and Geiger 2015). There are two forms of ergotism: Gangrenous, which affects the blood supply to extremities and convulsive, and ultimately affects the central nervous system. The fungal species which produce these alkaloids include Claviceps purpurea (rye and other cereals), Claviceps paspali (forage grass), Claviceps fusiformis, Claviceps gigantea, and Sphacelia sorghi (an anamorphic form of Claviceps). The clinical symptoms of ergotism are a manifestation in the form of gangrene, abortion, convulsions, suppression of lactation, and hypersensitivity (Berthiller et al. 2017). The ingestion of ergot occurs through infected cereals, commonly in the form of bread produced from contaminated flour. A recently reported another alkaloid from the same class, purpurolic acid from plant-parasitic sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea has been reported and considered as highly toxic for animal feed (Roberts et al. 2016). Ergot alkaloids contamination has been reported in rye food, wheat food, multigrain food, rye feed, wheat feed, and triticale feed. Among these samples, rye feed contained the highest amount of ergot alkaloids, i.e. 12,340 µg/kg (Malysheva et al. 2014).
Cluster headache: a single tertiary center study
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Zeynep Tuncer Issı, Nurcan Akbulut, Vesile Öztürk
Twenty-three (21.30%) patients received triptans, 27 (25.00%) patients received ergot alkaloids and 50 (46.30%) patients received NSAIDs for the treatment of the attack. Thirty-four (36.96%) patients had a complete response and 33 (35.87%) patients had a partial response to the treatment for the attack. Ten (90.91%) patients had a response to oxygen treatment for the attack. Eighty-nine (87.25%) patients had prophylactic treatment and 60 of them received verapamil. Thirty-two (50.79%) patients had a complete response and 20 (31.75%) patients had a partial response to prophylactic treatment. Thirty-four (38.20%) patients had combined prophylactic treatment and the most common combination was verapamil + prednisolone. Fourteen (13.59%) patients had severe side effects, the most common side effect being hypotension. The severe side effects percentage was significantly higher in females than in males (p = 0.021) (Table 3).