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Effects of Dopamine on The Digestive System
Published in M.D. Francesco Amenta, Peripheral Dopamine Pathophysiology, 2019
De Carle and Christensen studied the influence of DA in transverse strips of the distal esophageal body and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of the opossum.7 DA induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in the LES and a concentration-dependent inhibition of the contractile off-response to field stimulation in the esophageal body. At high dopamine concentrations, repetitive contractions followed these inhibitory responses. The effects of DA were not influenced by propranolol or phenoxybenzamine, but were antagonized by haloperidol and bulbocapnine. The same applied to the inhibitory effects of epinine, while the inhibitory effects of noradrenaline and isopropylnoradrenaline were abolished by propranolol. As the effects of DA were not influenced by tetrodotoxin, they were ascribed to interaction with muscular inhibitory DA receptors. In anesthetized opossums, intravenous DA induced a dose-dependent decrease in LES pressure, interrupted by repetitive contractions in the LES and followed by repetitive contractions in the distal esophageal body.8,9 As the effect of DA in the opossum LES in vivo was not influenced by bilateral cervical vagotomy, locally administered tetrodotoxin, and intravenous atropine, phentolamine, or propranolol, but antagonized by intravenous haloperidol and bulbocapnine, it was ascribed to interaction with muscular inhibitory DA receptors; the contractile effect in the esophageal body could be a rebound reaction to the relaxatory effect of DA in the LES, or could be due to interaction with muscular excitatory DA receptors.
Severe Hypotony Maculopathy in Anterior Uveitis Associated with Hodgkin Lymphoma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Alessandro Marchese, Chiara Giuffrè, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Francesco Bandello, Giulio Modorati
Topical and local corticosteroids may be curative in acute settings, although adjunctive therapies are often required in chronic hypotony, including systemic and intravitreal steroids, topical ibopamine, intraocular injection of viscoelastic material, vitrectomy with cyclitic membranes removal, and intravitreal filling with silicone oil. Among medical therapies available today, topical ibopamine 2% (3,4 dyisobutyrrilester of N-methyldopamine), a synthetic sympathomimetic drug which is hydrolyzed to epinine (N-methyldopamine) by the aqueous humor esterase, has been used with success in eyes with hypotony secondary to different etiologies.19–21 Of note, our patient responded promptly to topical ibopamine 2%, with the restoration of macular anatomy in about 30 days of treatment.