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Cherenkov and Scintillation Imaging Dosimetry
Published in Arash Darafsheh, Radiation Therapy Dosimetry: A Practical Handbook, 2021
Rachael L. Hachadorian, Irwin I. Tendler, Brian W. Pogue
As part of developing an imaging-based scintillator dosimeter, selecting an appropriate scintillating material is highly dependent on the target application. Considering the wavelength of maximum emission is important to ensure high detection efficiency, and here Figure 10.3 shows the range of emission spectra, for example scintillators listed above.
Fluorescent Analysis Technique
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
The phenomenon of fluorescence may be observed in intact tissues and cells under the usual luminescent microscope or its various modifications. Earlier, registration of the emission spectra was measured in solutions (extracts from tissues) using spectrofluorimeters, but today, there are techniques that enable this to be done in vivo. In the following, we shall consider apparatuses that are often applied to the study of fluorescence of living plant systems and extracts from the samples. Among the methods mentioned in the section are those that are most suitable for the practice of pharmaceutical and agrochemical laboratories as well as those that are developing and are rarely used as yet but have potential for the future.
Intrinsic Optical Properties of Brain Slices: Useful Indices of Electrophysiology and Metabolism
Published in Avital Schurr, Benjamin M. Rigor, BRAIN SLICES in BASIC and CLINICAL RESEARCH, 2020
Thomas J. Sick, Joseph C. LaManna
Fluorescence measurements from brain slices are complicated because the excitation-emission geometry is not optimal, and because it is often not possible to adequately compensate for fluorescence scattering. We have used rapid-scanning spectrofluorometry to investigate the autofluorescent properties of hippocampal slices. The experimental set-up is diagrammed in Figure 1. Slices were illuminated with monochromatic light (337 nm) delivered from a pulsed nitrogen laser. Fluorescence emission spectra were measured with a rapid-scanning spectrophotometer as described above. An advantage of the nitrogen laser is that the excitation light source is intense, but the period of illumination is brief (3 nsec). This method produces intense fluorescence without long exposure of the brain slice to damaging ultraviolet light.
Updated insight into the characterization of nano-emulsions
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Xinyue Wang, Halina Anton, Thierry Vandamme, Nicolas Anton
Another phenomenon widely used for the characterization of NE is the FRET. It is an electrodynamic phenomenon occurring between a donor (D) fluorophore in the excited state and an acceptor (A) fluorophore in the ground state [112]. When the transfer of energy occurs, the intensity of the donor emission decreases, while that of the acceptor increases. The prerequisites of FRET are (i) the overlap of the emission spectrum of the donor with the absorption spectrum of the acceptor, (ii) the distance between donor and acceptor molecules being within ~1–10 nm, (iii) relative orientation of the fluorophore dipoles (as shown in Figure 12). The efficacy of the energy transfer E indicates the percentage of the excitation photons that contribute to FRET and is defined as:
A pH-Driven indomethacin-loaded nanomedicine for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy by combining with photothermal therapy
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Shengtao Hu, Ye Lin, Chunyi Tong, Hong Huang, Ouyang Yi, Zongshun Dai, Zhaoli Su, Bin Liu, Xiong Cai
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay was used to observe the membrane fusion process [24]. The DiI (lex/lem = 549/565 nm) and DiD (lex/lem = 644/663 nm) was employed to label the RAWm. Then, the RBCm, was increasingly added into the dyes-doped RAWm for fusion (the weight ratios of 0:1, 1:1, 3:1 and 5:1, respectively). The fluorescence spectra were recorded at an excitation wavelength of 525 nm and an excitation wavelength of 550–750 nm emission spectrum. Thereafter, the fusion assay of different membranes was performed based on previous studies [23]. In brief, RBCm and RAWm were stained with DiI (red fluorescence) and DiO (green fluorescence), respectively. After membranes were stirred for 30 min in the dark, the separate membrane solutions were mixed, followed by ultrasonic treatment for 3 min and stirring for 2 h to complete the membrane fusion process. Finally, the RBC-RAW-hybrid membrane vesicles were collected by centrifugation (12,000 rpm, 30 min, 4 °C) and re-suspended in the water for fluorescence image under the CLSM (Olympus FV1200, Tokyo, Japan).
Development of tibulizumab, a tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting BAFF and IL-17A for the treatment of autoimmune disease
Published in mAbs, 2019
Robert J. Benschop, Chi-Kin Chow, Yu Tian, James Nelson, Barbra Barmettler, Shane Atwell, David Clawson, Qing Chai, Bryan Jones, Jon Fitchett, Stacy Torgerson, Yan Ji, Holly Bina, Ningjie Hu, Mahmoud Ghanem, Joseph Manetta, Victor J. Wroblewski, Jirong Lu, Barrett W. Allan
ANS titrations were conducted to investigate whether disulfide bond stabilization reduced the exposure of the variable heavy and light chain hydrophobic interface residues. Anti-IL-17 scFv with or without an H44-L100 disulfide bond was diluted to 0.28 mg/mL in PBS buffer at pH 7.4. ANS was prepared as 1 mM stock solution in PBS buffer. The fluorescence emission spectrum was collected at 25°C from 400 nm to 700 nm, with a step size of 3 nm following excitation at 360 nm. Fluorescence measurements were made using an ISS PC1 fluorometer (Champaign, IL) equipped with a xenon lamp. The emission spectrum was recorded as a function of increasing concentration of ANS from 2 μM to 300 μM. Sequential ANS additions were performed followed by a brief mixing step, incubation, and collection of the emission spectra at approximately 2 min. intervals. A similar protocol was followed for the parent and H44-L100 scFv. The background of the buffer was subtracted from the sample spectrum at each corresponding concentration of ANS.