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Biodiversity Bioprospection with Respect to Medicinal Plants
Published in Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi, Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy, Vipin Kumar Singh, Somenath Das, Anand Kumar Chaudhari, Neha Upadhyay, Akanksha Singh, Archana Singh, Nawal Kishore Dubey
Cancer is recognized as a group of many diseases. This life-threatening disease has emerged as the first reason for large mortality worldwide. Cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and invasion to newer locations through metastasis (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011). Therefore, disease treatment should be based upon the inhibition of cell division. Essential oil from Elsholtzia ciliata has been reported to possess anticancer activity (Pudziuvelyte et al., 2017). The main components of essential oil obtained through hydro-distillation were dehydroelsholtzia ketone (78.28%) and elsholtzia ketone (14.58%). Anticancer assay of essential oil was performed against human glioblastoma (U87), breast and pancreatic (Panc-1) cancer cell lines. EC50 value recorded for selected EO ranged from 0.017–0.021%. Viability test indicated considerably higher survivability of normal human fibroblast in comparison to cancer cell lines at the same essential oil concentration. Yang et al. (2017) have elucidated the anticancer properties of citrus by MTT assay. The essential oil exhibited a pronounced inhibitory effect against the proliferation of lung (A549) and prostate (22RV-1) cancer cell lines. Limonene (74.60%) was the major component of essential oil as determined by GC-MS analysis. The effectiveness of seed essential oil obtained from Foeniculum vulgare has been reported to possess anticancer activities against human cervical epithelioid carcinoma (HELA) and breast cancer (MDA-Mb) cell lines as revealed by MTT assay (Akhbari et al., 2018). Essential oil showed remarkable activity against both cell lines with IC50 value corresponding to less than 10 ppm. The major active components of essential oil responsible for anticancer activity were identified as Trans-Anethole (80.63%), followed by L-Fenchone (11.57%), Estragole (3.67%) and Limonene (2.68%) through GC-MS analysis. Recently, Han and Parker (2017) have reported the anticancer properties of commercially available essential oil derived from Foeniculum vulgare. The essential oil displayed anti-proliferative behavior against dermal fibroblasts.
Therapeutic potential of glycyrrhetinic acids: a patent review (2010-2017)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Hidayat Hussain, Ivan R. Green, Umair Shamraiz, Muhammad Saleem, Amin Badshah, Ghulam Abbas, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Irshad
He [98] prepared a pharmaceutical composition comprising of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (1) along with Axillary choerospondias and Elsholtzia ciliata extracts and suggested that this composit can be developed into a tablet, powder, pill, granule, and capsule to treat dysentery, enteritis, septicemia, upper respiratory tract infection and various viral and bacterial infectious diseases. Liu et al. [99] prepared a gel comprising glycyrrhetinic acid, which was reported to have antiulcer effects. Another pharmaceutical composition comprising 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (2) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (1) at a ratio of 5:1 [100] was prepared and used as an cytotoxic agent. The reported toxicity and cost were both low. Ban and Ito [101] prepared another pharmaceutical glycyrrhetinic acid composition and demonstrated that it can be used as a deodorant, antimicrobial, and antiperspirant agent. Finally, a licorice extract (Glycyrrhiza) containing glycyrrhetinic acid is used in a preparation as an antioxidant and to inhibit the production of melanin [102].
Encapsulation of bioactive compounds extracted from Cucurbita moschata pumpkin waste: the multi-objective optimisation study
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Slađana Stajčić, Pezo Lato, Jasna Čanadanović-Brunet, Gordana Ćetković, Anamarija Mandić, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac, Jelena Vulić, Vanja Šeregelj, Jovana Petrović
The encapsulation efficiency is a parameter which describes the quality of an encapsulation process and is a valuable predictor of product stability (Haas et al. 2019). Encapsulation efficiencies of β-carotene ranged from 21.34%w/w to 40.39%w/w (Table 1). The highest β-carotene encapsulation efficiency was observed in IMP encapsulate (inulin:maltodextrin:pea protein 0.333/0.333/0.333). The encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds ranged from 5.80%w/w to 64.73%w/w (Table 1). The highest encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds was observed in MP encapsulate (maltodextrin:pea protein 0.5/0.5). Numerous techniques and different encapsulation materials were used to achieve higher encapsulation efficiency and therefore better preservation of encapsulated bioactive compounds. Carotenoids were encapsulated with soy protein as an encapsulant material by lyophilisation technique, and their encapsulation efficiency was about 65%w/w (Nogueira et al. 2017). Rodríduez-Huezo et al. (2006) found values of carotenoid encapsulation efficiency between 25.6%w/w and 87.5%w/w for encapsulates prepared with gum arabic, gellan gum and maltodextrin by spray drying technique (Rocha et al. 2012). Laine et al. (2008) encapsulated polyphenolic compounds of cloudberry using the lyophilisation technique and found that MD5-8 (DE5-8) encapsulated best higher molecular weight phenolics (encapsulation efficiency of ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins and flavonols was 99%w/w, 94%w/w and 90%w/w, respectively), while the best encapsulation efficiencies of encapsulates with MD18.5 (DE18.5) were for less molecular weight phenolic acids (encapsulation efficiency of hydroxycyclic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids was 69%w/w and 68%w/w, respectively). In the study of Pudziuvelyte et al. (2020), ethanolic extract of Elsholtzia ciliata was encapsulated by the freeze-drying method using skim milk, sodium caseinate, gum arabic and maltodextrin alone or in mixtures and lowest encapsulation efficiency of phenolics was determined with maltodextrin (21.17%w/w), and the highest with sodium caseinate (83.02%w/w). Encapsulation efficiencies of β-carotene and phenolics determined in our study were in accordance with previously reported results.