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Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
Algae have been used since time immemorial for their important applications in health, both in food and in the preparation of drugs and cosmetics. Some algae compounds may be of interest in caring for the cancer patient, mainly those that have moisturizing, demulcent, and antioxidant properties. Among them are sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidan, and laminaran as antioxidants; astaxanthin and phlorotannins as anti-inflammatories; alginates and carrageenans as moisturizing and protective agents; fucoxanthin that promotes repair of the protein filaggrin, involved in the epidermal barrier; and micosporine-like amino acids (MMAAs) for their potential use in sunscreens. It is also worth mentioning ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), an osmoprotectant present in halophilic bacteria, which improves skin inflammation and is currently being investigated for the treatment of moderate atopic dermatitis [55].
Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Squalene is a fatty substance and natural emollient and antioxidant that is found in high concentrations in shark liver, though it can also be extracted from some vegetable oils. Squalane, the saturated form of squalene, chemically resembles sebum that is naturally found in the skin, and thus squalane can be well absorbed by the skin to provide nutrients and hydration effects. Squalane, especially with other ingredients such as vitamin E and hyaluronic acid, can be used for protecting against photoaging and brown spots, and for reducing fine lines and wrinkles (Barel et al., 2014). Linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid are omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids that restore transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Magdassi and Touitou, 1999). Sources of these fatty acids include seaweed of the Laminaria genus and microalgae of the Nannochloropsis genus (Bellou and Aggelis, 2013). Some halophile bacteria that reside in high salinity conditions, such as Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, produce a compound known as ectoine in response to osmotic stress. Ectoine is able to bind to water molecules, and topical administration is well-tolerated and can provide long-term hydration (Galinski et al., 1985). Collagen from fish and jellyfish can also be used as an emollient (Corbeil et al., 2000).
Ectoine gel transdermal formulation as a novel therapeutic approach in melanoma using 3D printed microneedles
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Sammar A. Bayoumi, Aya M. Dawaba, Ahmed Mansour, Zeinab AlKasaby Zalat, Amal A. Ammar
Ectoine is an osmo-protectant, natural, low-molecular, cyclic tetrahydropyrimidine organic compound, produced by bacteria to counteract osmotic tension, dehydration, and radiation by accumulating in the cell in high concentration. Ectoine has anti-inflammatory, enzyme stabilizing, neurodegenerative human skin protectant effect (Bownik and Stepniewska 2016). In studies in cell lines, ectoine shows prevention of melanogenesis with no cytotoxic effects compared with melanin inhibitors (vitamin C, kojic acid, and arbutin) (Yao et al. 2013), while numerous anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, doxorubicin, camptothecin, and more) cause toxicity in multi-organs of various patients (Hariri et al. 2014; Li et al. 2014; Pugazhendhi et al. 2018).
Extracellular vesicles metabolic changes reveals plasma signature in stage-dependent diabetic kidney disease
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Youjin Pan, Hui Yang, Tucan Chen, Jian Jin, Luya Ruan, Liang Hu, Li Chen
Unlike the above nine metabolites, ectoine levels were increased in DKD stage III samples but reduced in DKD stage IV samples. Ectoine has been proven to have enzyme-stabilizing and anti-inflammatory properties, exerting protective effects in human skin as well as inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, while therapeutic potential has been demonstrated in human and veterinary medicine [48]. The change in ectoine content observed during DKD progression suggests that the increase occurring in early DKD may serve as a compensatory mechanism.