China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Understanding the Metabolomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Prachi Sao, Rahat Parveen, Aryan Khattri, Shubhra Sharma, Neha Tiwari, Sachidanand Singh
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as neem, is known for its medicinal and phytoremediation properties, it can heal various diseases and also purify the air. It can take a high amount of SO2 from the contaminated air (Abdullateef et al., 2014). It has been reported that the plants subjected to varied environmental conditions accumulate osmoprotectant molecules, which help preserve cellular homeostasis and the detoxification of ROS (Rontein et al., 2002). The metabolomic of a plant’s stress tolerance can explain its dependency on the balance between ROS buildup and the cellular antioxidative defence machinery’s ability to detoxify it (Duccer and Ting, 1970).
Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
Algae have been used since time immemorial for their important applications in health, both in food and in the preparation of drugs and cosmetics. Some algae compounds may be of interest in caring for the cancer patient, mainly those that have moisturizing, demulcent, and antioxidant properties. Among them are sulfated polysaccharides, fucoidan, and laminaran as antioxidants; astaxanthin and phlorotannins as anti-inflammatories; alginates and carrageenans as moisturizing and protective agents; fucoxanthin that promotes repair of the protein filaggrin, involved in the epidermal barrier; and micosporine-like amino acids (MMAAs) for their potential use in sunscreens. It is also worth mentioning ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), an osmoprotectant present in halophilic bacteria, which improves skin inflammation and is currently being investigated for the treatment of moderate atopic dermatitis [55].
Environmental Factors Impacting Bioactive Metabolite Accumulation in Brazilian Medicinal Plants
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Camila Fernanda de Oliveira Junkes, Franciele Antonia Neis, Fernanda de Costa, Anna Carolina Alves Yendo, Arthur Germano Fett-Neto
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth and influences development, impacting on the water potential difference between the plant and exterior environment. Water deficit as a result of salt stress affects the availability, competitive uptake and translocation of nutrients to aboveground plant parts (Park et al., 2016). Besides under salt stress, the excessive concentrations of Na+ and Cl− hinder the absorption and/or assimilation of other elements, including boron, zinc, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (Farooq et al., 2017). The imbalance in nutrient uptake and assimilation and ROS generation during salt stress interfere in photosynthetic reactions, cause stomatal limitation, reduction in intercellular CO2 concentration and damage to photosystems (Zhu, 2016). Plants show several adaptations to deal with saline stress, such as production of osmoprotectant molecules (cell compatible solutes), hormonal regulation, activation of antioxidant defense systems and mechanisms of ion exclusion or compartmentalization (Acosta-Motos et al., 2017).
A novel osmoprotective liposomal formulation from synthetic phospholipids to reduce in vitro hyperosmolar stress in dry eye treatments
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Miriam Ana González Cela Casamayor, José Javier López Cano, Vanessa Andrés Guerrero, Rocío Herrero Vanrell, José Manuel Benítez del Castillo, Irene Teresa Molina Martínez
As mentioned above, hyperosmolarity has been found to play an important role in DED and tear hyperosmolarity has been associated with an increase in tear film instability (Liu et al. 2009, Essmer et al. 2013). Alan Tomlinson et al. reported that the tear film osmolarity of patients with DED is ∼321.0 mOsm/L compared to values of 304.8 mOsm/L for healthy individuals (Tomlinson et al. 2006). Special attention has been given to the use of ‘osmoprotectants’ as a possible therapeutic strategy for restoring the homeostasis of the ocular surface. Examples of osmoprotective substances are erythritol, L-carnitine, and taurine (Corrales et al. 2008, Gómez-Ballesteros et al. 2019). L-carnitine and erythritol have been shown to inhibit in vitro production of MAP kinases and metalloproteases after the exposure of corneal cell cultures to hyperosmolar conditions (Corrales et al. 2008, Deng et al. 2014). Taurine is an amino acid found naturally in ocular tissues, such as the cornea, and tears that has been shown to have antioxidant and osmoprotective properties in DED models (Bucolo et al. 2018). Other osmoprotective substances are sugars or polyols, such as trehalose and ribitol, thanks to their ability to interact with water and prevent the formation of crystals (Tran et al. 2020, López-Cano et al. 2021b).
Betaine ameliorates impaired steroidogenesis and apoptosis in mice granulosa cells induced by high glucose concentration
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
Kosar Abbasi Samie, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh, Mahsa Afrough
Several mechanisms may be suggested for protective effects of betaine in granulosa cells under high glucose conditions. In hyperglycemic conditions, glucose acts as an efficient serum osmolyte due to reduced absorption and entrapping in the extracellular compartment (Norris and Schermerhorn 2019). Cells are prone to hypertonic stress and shrinkage during hyperglycemia and diabetes (Burgos et al. 2019; Norris and Schermerhorn 2019). Cell shrinkage, by mechanical stress can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), cytochromes c release and subsequent caspase-3 or caspase-12 activation and cellular apoptosis (Pihán et al. 2017; Burgos et al. 2019) Betaine is an important osmoprotectant which can be stored in large quantities in cells, increases the free water content of cells and the cytoplasmic cell volume to avoid shrinking under hyperosmotic conditions and inhibits different proteins related to hyperosmotic apoptosis by stabilizing proteins’ basic structures (Kempson et al. 2014; Zhao et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2018). Taken together, it is possible that betaine may act as an osmoprotectant and prevent the activation of apoptotic factors and cell cytotoxicity in GCs under hyperosmotic conditions caused by high concentration of glucose.
Impact of gamma irradiation pretreatment on the growth of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seedlings grown under salt and drought stress
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Proline is an important osmoprotectant that plays roles in stabilizing proteins, regulating cytosolic pH and scavenging hydroxyl radicals (Koca et al. 2007) under stress conditions. According to the results of this study, the proline content led to an in increase by the gamma irradiation pretreatment (100 Gy) alone or the combination with salt stress (100 mM NaCl) (Figure 2(F)) and also the combination with drought stress (100 g/l PEG-6000) (Figure 3(F)). Wang et al. (2018) reported that gamma irradiation pretreatment (50 Gy) promoted proline accumulation under salt stress in barley seedlings. Similar results were reported by El-Beltagi et al. (2013), who also observed the increased proline levels in soybean plants pretreated by gamma irradiation under salt stress. Furthermore, Moussa (2011) noted that gamma irradiation pretreatment (20 Gy) increased the proline content in drought-stressed soybeans. Overall, the evidence of this study clearly shows the positive contributions of gamma irradiation pretreatment on proline accumulation. Therefore, it may be stated that pretreatment of gamma irradiation enhances the tolerance of vetch seedlings against salt or drought stress.