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Approaches for Identification and Validation of Antimicrobial Compounds of Plant Origin: A Long Way from the Field to the Market
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Lívia Maria Batista Vilela, Carlos André dos Santos-Silva, Ricardo Salas Roldan-Filho, Pollyanna Michelle da Silva, Marx de Oliveira Lima, José Rafael da Silva Araújo, Wilson Dias de Oliveira, Suyane de Deus e Melo, Madson Allan de Luna Aragão, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva, Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
The goal of modern plant-derived antimicrobial discovery is to find chemical compounds that have a specific biological effect. One of the main techniques used in drug discovery is structure-based high-throughput docking screening, in which automated assays are used to test large databases of thousands or millions of chemical compounds available in public databases for a desired biological activity (Alam and Khan 2018). This is a robust theoretical routine and requires substantial computational resources. The idea behind virtual docking screening is to test compounds in silico in a preliminary step to reduce the number of candidates to be screened experimentally, thus reducing the physical experiments time (Slater and Kontoyianni 2019). When the investigated compound is an approved commercial drug, this approach is called drug repositioning or repurposing, having advantages over the development of a new drug for a given indication.
Omics Technology: Novel Approach for Screening of Plant-Based Traditional Medicines
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Rojita Mishra, Satpal Singh Bisht, Mahendra Rana
Drug repositioning can be possible by transcriptome analysis of disease or similar drugs. Transcriptomics information is utilized for the identification of coherent drug targets. Compounds, which are used for disease treatment before can be better screened and drug repositioning, becomes an easy task using transcriptome analysis or gene expression profile of disease and effect on gene expression by the existing natural isolated compounds [5].
Recent Advances in Repositioning Non-Antibiotics against Tuberculosis and other Neglected Tropical Diseases
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
The drug discovery and development landscape for infectious diseases is constantly changing with research interests shifting away from traditional approaches. De novo drug discovery and development is an exhaustive, time-consuming and costly multi-stage process that is faced with high attrition rates largely due to poor pharmacokinetics, toxicity and lack of efficacy in human subjects (Cook et al. 2014, Duran-Frigola et al. 2017, Hughes et al. 2011). Given the complexities associated with de novo approaches, alternative strategies that capitalize on past investments of such processes are gaining traction (Nwaka and Hudson 2006, Sharma et al. 2017, Zheng et al. 2018). Drug repositioning or repurposing is one such strategy that seeks new purposes for marketed or abandoned drugs. Other closely related strategies include drug reprofiling or redirecting (Ma et al. 2013, Persaud-Sharma and Zhou 2012). These terms are often used interchangeably as there is no consensus on terminology.
Drugs and biologics receiving FDA orphan drug designation: an analysis of the most frequently designated products and their repositioning strategies
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2021
Kathleen L. Miller, Selma Kraft, Abraham Ipe, Lewis Fermaglich
To better understand the business models underpinning rare disease drug development, we also analyzed the repositioning strategies in these highly designated products. The term ”repositioning” was chosen for this analysis because it represented a wide variety of business models, outside of novel drug development. We defined repositioning using the broad definition described in Allarakhia (2013): Drug [repositioning] involves finding new indications for existing drugs or potential drug candidates. Drugs or candidates include those in clinical development whose mechanism of action is relevant to multiple diseases; drugs that have failed to demonstrate efficacy for a particular indication during phase II or III trials but have no major safety concerns; drugs that have been discontinued for commercial reasons; marketed drugs for which patents are close to expiry; and drug candidates from academic institutions and public sector laboratories not yet fully pursued.[19]
Combination of Curcumin and Metformin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis without Affecting the Cell Cycle in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Line
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Seyed Sadegh Eslami, Davod Jafari, Hamed Montazeri, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Parastoo Tarighi
Due to the above-mentioned reasons and for overcoming these problems, new therapeutic approaches are becoming popular. One of these approaches is called drug repositioning. The term of drug repositioning refers to using available drugs for new therapeutic goals i.e., employing existing drugs in new applications. This approach helps to find new therapeutic candidates among FDA-approved drugs, which reduces clinical trial time and avoids excessive costs for new drug research and development (10). Furthermore, another approach is called combination therapy, which involves using two or more compounds instead of using only one compound alone. This approach is used for enhancing the treatment efficiency and decreasing drug resistance. In addition, given the heterogeneity of tumors and variability among patients and consequently different sensitivity of tumors to drugs, it is used for increasing the distribution of clinical benefits across different groups of patients. The result of drug interaction in an additive or synergy manner is superior to an independent drug action (9).
Innovative approaches to biologic development on the trail of CT-P13: biosimilars, value-added medicines, and biobetters
Published in mAbs, 2021
HoUng Kim, Rieke Alten, Fraser Cummings, Silvio Danese, Geert D’Haens, Paul Emery, Subrata Ghosh, Cyrielle Gilletta de Saint Joseph, JongHyuk Lee, James O. Lindsay, Elena Nikiphorou, Ben Parker, Stefan Schreiber, Steven Simoens, Rene Westhovens, Ji Hoon Jeong, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
The poorly defined regulatory landscape for biobetters and biologic VAMs, discussed previously, also poses challenges and risks for developers. Compared with abbreviated biosimilar approval pathways, development can be more time-consuming and costly. However, drug repositioning could substantially reduce clinical development time and the risk of drug failure due to safety issues.148 Another important consideration is that biobetters may not show clinical improvements versus the RP in all indications; linked to this is the lack of indication extrapolation possible for biobetters, while this is a possibility for biosimilars.30 This uncertainty should be considered during development of any biobetter candidate, as differences in benefit between indications could impact the potential market for the biobetter.