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State and Federal Statutes and Regulations Concerning Patient Counseling
Published in Harvey M. Rappaport, Kelly S. Straker, Tracy S. Hunter, Joseph F. Roy, The Guidebook for Patient Counseling, 2020
Harvey M. Rappaport, Kelly S. Straker, Tracy S. Hunter, Joseph F. Roy
Although the pharmacist must offer to provide consultation, the patient or caregiver may refuse the offer. Apparently, counseling is the only element in the prospective DUR process which may be waived. Covered outpatient drugs exempt from OBRA’90 requirements include those dispensed by certain Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), those dispensed by a hospital using a drug formulary system and billing the state plan at a special cost, and those dispensed to residents of nursing facilities already in compliance with established drug regimen procedures.
Natural Medicines
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Ashok Vaidya, Hiteshi Dhami-Shah, Shobha Udipi
There are innumerable articles, reviews and books on the theme of quality control and assurance of herbal medicines. A Google Scholar search of the phrase ‘quality of herbal medicines’ on 12 April 2018 yielded around 256,000 results. At one end of the spectrum, there is an insistence that TM have the same level of QC as NCE and biotech drugs, and at the other end there is an insistence on retaining the simple criteria for QC as in TM. The middle path is more pragmatic. It insists on the identification and standardisation of the source, good agricultural collection and manufacturing practices, fingerprinting of the key phytomarkers, shelf-life and analysis for microbial contamination, fungal toxins, pesticides and heavy metals. There is currently no international harmonisation for the guidelines for these criteria. There are many herbal pharmacopoeias that have very divergent monographs on plants (Handa et al. 1998–1999; Brendler et al. 2010; Upton et al. 2011), but these volumes quite cursorily deal with human usage safety, pharmacology and clinical evidence. There is much more stress on pharmacognosy and analysis that helps QC but not therapy. There is a need to develop a critical volume of Natural Drug Formulary for the most widely used 100 remedies globally, with an orientation to RP and clinical usage safety and precautions. There are basic books and guidelines available that can guide such an endeavour (Alasalvar and Shahidi 2013; US FDA 2018). The unique ways to formulate traditional medicines has to be kept in mind while planning the pre-formulation research and development on TM.
Qatar
Published in Salah Hassan, Kidd Michael, Family Practice In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2018
Mariam Ali Abdulmalik, Zelaikha Mohsin Al-Wahedi, Muna Taher Aseel
PHCC has had a drug formulary since April 2014; the responsibility for creating and updating the formulary rests with the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC), which is comprised of family physicians, general physicians, nurses, and pharmacists. The current formulary consists of a list of medications (medication name, strength, and formulation) based on current existing services and their scope of practice taking into account clinical guidelines and best practice. The EDL and the PHCCs complete formulary are reviewed and updated annually.
States as Activists
Published in Journal of Legal Medicine, 2019
Another example of an aggressive state role can be found in the recently rejected69 proposal in Massachusetts. In the first of its kind, Massachusetts filed a Section 1115 waiver under the Medicaid Act, which would have granted the state the authority to limit its formulary, granting it the right to act like a commercial insurer by giving it the ability to pick and choose its coverage for various drugs based on cost effectiveness.70 This would have empowered the state to negotiate on drug pricing, radically changing the current system in which “MassHealth must pay for any drug, as long as the manufacturer offers a discount.”71 Such a system would have changed MassHealth’s coverage to a system that mirrors other insurers and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs), which “frequently decline to cover drugs for which there are cheaper alternatives,” employing what is known as a drug “formulary.”72 From the state’s perspective, the removal of a drug from a formulary—thus, removing it from coverage—could hopefully induce the pharmaceutical company to come to the negotitating table in an effort to set an agreed-upon price.
The risk of herpes zoster in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Analysis of the Korean National Health Insurance Service – Sample cohort database
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2018
Doo-Ho Lim, Ye-Jee Kim, Seon Ok Kim, Seokchan Hong, Chang-Keun Lee, Bin Yoo, Yong-Gil Kim
The NHIS-NSC includes all health-related information on approximately 50 million people, the whole of the South Korean population covered by the National Health Insurance (NHI) program since 2000. Recently, the NHIS publicly provided for research purposes a fully encrypted 2% sample (n = 1,025,340) of the cohort database, which was constructed using 5-year age group-, sex-, health insurance status- and household income-stratified random sampling. The NHIS-NSC includes information on patient demographics (5-year age group, sex, household income and mortality), hospital-level characteristics, diagnosis and prescriptions. The individual data are linked to the mortality data (date and cause of death) provided by Statistics Korea using each individual’s unique civil registration number. All diagnoses were coded using the Korean Classification of Disease, sixth edition (KCD-6), a modification of the International Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). The prescription data include the brand name and generic name of any prescribed drug (according to the drug formulary code of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment service), the prescription date, the number of days of supply and the route of administration.
Assessing prescriber’s awareness of essential medicine list, hospital drug formulary and utilization of standard treatment guidelines in a tertiary healthcare facility in North-Central Nigeria
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Abdullahi Hassan, Gobir Abdulrazaq Abdullahi, Abubakar Aisha Ahmed, Adamu Sabiu, Uwaya John, Gwamna Ezekeil, Yahaya Aliyu Ibrahim
One justification for including Hospital Drug Formulary (HDF) in the study is that, just like EML, it is another document that is important to both prescribers and patients in a hospital setting. It is a continuously revised compilation of pharmaceutical dosage agents with its important information which reflects the current clinical judgment of the medical staff. The hospital formulary system is a method whereby the medical staff of a hospital with the help of pharmacy and therapeutic committee selects and evaluate medical agents and their dosage form which are considered to be most useful in the patient care. It provides information for procuring, prescribing, dispensing and administration of drug under non proprietary names and instance where drugs have both names.14