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Magnetically Controlled Targeted Chemotherapy
Published in Neville Willmott, John Daly, Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy, 2020
The particle size of a drug carrier can generally affect the degree of drug entrapment, drug release profile, hydration characteristics, and distribution pattern and toxicity after in vivo administration.2,12,13,21 Several studies have demonstrated that magnetic albumin microspheres can be readily prepared in the size range of 0.2 to 2 μm, with the major fraction ≤1 μm.16,17,19 Factors that typically affect the size and size distribution of nonmagnetic albumin microspheres have been exhaustively evaluated;83 however, all of these factors have not been investigated for magnetic microspheres. In our laboratory, we have found that for albumin microspheres prepared by heat stabilization between 105 to 150°C, the presence of 0.5 to 3% w/w adriamycin HCl and/or 16 to 22% w/w Fe3O4 does not influence their size and size distribution. In all cases, their mean diameter ranged between 0.68 ± 0.39 to 0.75 ± 0.44 μm.84
Delivery of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using Nanoparticles
Published in Hala Gali-Muhtasib, Racha Chouaib, Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment, 2020
Abdullah Shaito, Houssein Hajj Hassan
Drug carriers can be defined as any substance that can enhance delivery, effectiveness, specificity, or safety of a drug. In the past few years, innovations in drug delivery systems have allowed easier routes of delivery of carrier-based DDSs. Also, now drug carriers of carrier-based DDSs are used to target drugs to specific tissues, in what is called targeted drug delivery [70–73]. Different drug carriers are currently used in carrier-based DDSs due to their benefits and few limitations (as detailed in the above section about Carrier-based delivery systems). A large variety of drug carriers exists and includes liposomes, niosomes, lipospheres, vesicles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, liquid crystals, microspheres, hydrogels, implants, nanoparticles, among others. Below we describe some of these drug carriers and discuss nanoparticles in detail.
Innovative Delivery Systems for Andrographolide Delivery
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
A. C. Santos, J. A. D. Sequeira, F. Veiga, A. Figueiras, A. J. Ribeiro
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) consist of colloidal carriers constituted by lipids and stabilized by surfactants, whose lipid matrix is solid at room temperature. As a drug carrier, those structures protect encapsulated drugs against degradation as well as provide controlled drug delivery. SLNs’ average particle size varies from 10 to 1000 nm (Wissing et al., 2004). The lipid matrix selections are biocompatible and biodegradable, decreasing the risk of acute and chronic toxicity (Pawar et al., 2016). Usually, the used lipids in SLN matrices are biocompatible triglycerides, including trimyristin (tri-C14), tripalmitin (tri-C16), and tristearin (tri-C18); simple esters, as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl behenate; as well as fatty acids, like stearic acid (Wissing et al., 2004). Other advantages of these novel drug delivery systems include their long-term stability, ability to enhance the encapsulated drug bioavailability, possibility to control and target drug release, versatility, and formulation efficiency due to the advantageous capability of encapsulating both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs (Wissing et al., 2004).
Intra-articular drug delivery systems for osteoarthritis therapy: shifting from sustained release to enhancing penetration into cartilage
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Huirong Huang, Zijian Lou, Shimin Zheng, Jianing Wu, Qing Yao, Ruijie Chen, Longfa Kou, Daosen Chen
Additionally, the strength of surface charge can also influence the permeability of drug carriers. Although positive surface charge promotes the permeability of drug carriers, higher surface charges do not necessarily translate into better permeability. Too much charge may cause irreversible interaction between the drug carrier and the ECM, thus preventing deeper penetration. Vedadghavami et al. used cationic polypeptide modified nanoparticles to demonstrate the effect of surface charge on the permeability of macromolecules in articular cartilage (Vedadghavami et al., 2019). They found that a surface charge of +14 had the best penetration. A surface charge of more than +14 induced an irreversible interaction between the cationic polypeptide and the ECM, which weakened the permeability of the polypeptide. Short-range hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between the cationic peptide and cartilage components can further stabilize the electrostatic binding. Arginine-rich cationic peptides have been found to bind more strongly to 24 negatively charged aggrecan GAGs in cartilage than lysine-rich cationic peptides. The effect of synovial fluid on charge in the articular cavity cannot be ignored. Some studies have shown that cationic DMAB NPs undergo charge reversal in synovial fluid, which has a negative effect on the penetration of nanoparticles (Brown et al., 2019).
Synthesis of novel combinatorial drug delivery system (nCDDS) for co-delivery of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium for colon targeting and controlled drug release
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Muhammad Usman Minhas, Orva Abdullah, Muhammad Sohail, Ikrima Khalid, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Kifayat Ullah Khan, Syed Faisal Badshah
Drug carrier system largely affected the efficacy of therapeutic agents during the transportation of drug to the specific part of body. Drug delivery carriers possibly minimize the various problems associated with conventional administration by drug targeting to specific site, prolonging time duration, control release rate, increased drug solubility, reducing side effect, and protecting from bioactivity [15–17]. Therefore, various drug delivery systems such as micelles [18], microsphere [19], nanoparticles [20], hydrogels and nanogels have been developed. Nanogels possess three dimensional physical and tunable chemical network structure and exhibit high water carrying capacity, good mechanical strength, and biocompatibility [21,22]. These nanogels have attained wide attraction in various fields like pharmaceutical, biomedical engineering, biomaterial science, and bio-nanotechnology [23–25].
Research progress of nanocarriers for gene therapy targeting abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in tumors
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Xianhu Zeng, Zhipeng Li, Chunrong Zhu, Lisa Xu, Yong Sun, Shangcong Han
When nanoparticles enter into tumor cells by endocytosis, TH287(MTH1 inhibitor) can damage DNA, which decreases tumor cell proliferation. Subsequently, there is reduced MDR-1 small interference RNA function, which greatly improves the therapeutic effect. According to this model, this will regulate glucolipid metabolism-related genes via the gene drugs and/or chemicals that were carried. The delivery system of HA-siTMSN make great progress on treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the HA-siTMSN drug delivery system showed the strongest tumor inhibition in a tumor model constructed from CAL27 cells in mice. To avoid the low efficacy of a single pathway, a mesoporous carrier for inorganic materials is an optimal choice because its application cost is low, and it also exhibits satisfactory biological safety and high plasticity that enables the nature of the carrier to be changed with only small amounts of modification. Because of all these advantages, it is a drug carrier with great potential (as shown in Figure 7).