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Hallucinogens, CNS Stimulants, And Cannabis
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
There has been only a small degree of recent social abuse of such plants, although the presence of “stramonium” in a number of over-the-counter medications has led to the expected amount of exploration. Of more concern, is the growing availability of a large number of synthetic substitutes for scopolamine, which although of similar pharmacology, are immensely more potent and easily manufactured.43 A number of such compounds have been developed by the Lakeside Laboratories, and have been extensively explored in human subjects, both clinically and illegally. Examples of this family are JB-329 (Ditran®, Figure 18, R1 = C2H5, R2 = cyclopentyl), JB-318 (Figure 18, R1 = C2H5, R2 = phenyl) and JB-336 (Figure 18, R1 = CH3, R2 = phenyl). The latter two homologs have received wide distribution in the eastern regions of the U.S. and have recently been included in the listing of drugs subject to control by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs.
Stimulants, antidepressants, antimanics, anticonvulsants, and psychotomimetic agents
Published in Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach, Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach
Psychotomimetic agents can be classified as follows: LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide): semi-synthetic, from ergot.DMT (dimethyltryptamine): Synthetic and from a South American plant (Piptadenia peregrina).DET (diethyltryptamine): synthetic.‘STP,’ DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine): synthetic.MDA (methylene dioxyamphetamine): synthetic.MDMA, Ecstasy (3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine): synthetic.GHB, GBL, 1,4-BD (gamma hydroxy butyrate, gamma butyrolactone, 1,4-butanediol): synthetic.Psilocybin and psilocin: derivatives of 4-hydroxytryptamin: synthetic; also from a mushroom (Psilocybe mexicana).Bufotenine (dimethyl serotonin): synthetic; also from Piptadenia peregrine, Amanita muscaria, and the skin of a toad (Bufo marinus).Ibogaine: from the plant Tabernanthe iboga.Harmine and harmaline: from plants (Peganum harmala and Banisteria caapi).Ditran: synthetic.Marihuana: From the plant Cannabis sativa.Mescal (peyote): from the plant Lophophora williamsii. Contains mescaline; also available in synthetic form.(See also Amphetamine, p. 415)
Where do we go next in antidepressant drug discovery? A new generation of antidepressants: a pivotal role of AMPA receptor potentiation and mGlu2/3 receptor antagonism
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2022
Andrzej Pilc, Agata Machaczka, Paweł Kawalec, Jodi L. Smith, Jeffrey M. Witkin
In 1958, the antidepressant effects of an anticholinergic drug JB-329 (Ditran) were described in a small population (5 patients) of depressed subjects [84], approximately at the same time the compounds from the monoaminergic family of ADDs were introduced into clinical practice (Figure 1).