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“Am I Not A Leader?”
Published in Danielle Laraque-Arena, Lauren J. Germain, Virginia Young, Rivers Laraque-Ho, Leadership at the Intersection of Gender and Race in Healthcare and Science, 2022
Leadership has been defined in numerous ways. Northouse (2019) cataloged the history of leadership definitions spanning the 20th century ranging from those focused: 1) on power and control; 2) on influence with an interaction between the group and the leader involving the ability of the group to influence the leader, as well as, vice versa; 3) on behavior of an individual in the act of directing group activities; 4) on the ability to influence overall group effectiveness; and 5) on engagement with others in a manner that raises all to a higher level of motivation and performance. More recently, he summarized all these aspects into a definition of leadership as a process. “Leadership is a process in which an individual influences others in a common goal” (Northouse, 2019). This definition suggests that anyone who successfully engages in this process is a leader.
New Biological Targets for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Published in Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Daniele Castagnolo, Yusuf Özkay, Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases, 2019
Fabrizio Carta, Andrea Angeli, Christian D.-T. Nielsen, Claudiu T. Supuran, Agostino Cilibrizzi
In the last decade, there has been high interest in the synthetic chemistry community to shift away from precious metal catalysis (i.e., rhodium, platinum and iridium). In this regard, Palmer et al. (2016) have used cobalt as a nontoxic, earth abundant first row transition metal, and viable substitute for more precious metals. Indeed, Co is cheap and it allows unprecedentedly explored chemical transformations. A demonstration of this is the Co catalyzed benzylic borylation methodology recently reported by Palmer et al. (2016). While precious (and non-precious) metals have been known to undergo sp2 C-H borylation, benzylic borylation is an underdeveloped methodology. Furthermore, polybenzylic borylation had never been reported nor directing group free homobenzylic diborylation (data not shown). Tuning equivalents of Co catalyst (Figure 16) and B2pin2 (i.e., bis(pinacolato)diboron) as the borylating reagent led to varying degrees of borylation of toluene (Figure 16A).
The Effective Health Care Social Work Director
Published in Gary Rosenberg, Andrew Weissman, Social Work Leadership in Healthcare: Directors' Perspectives, 2013
Margaret Dimond, Madelyne Markowitz
Supervision is based on several concepts that provide direction and structure, the learning process for staff. Many of the concepts are as outlined below:Requisite activities and task for effective supervision that take into account concern for task, for people, and for competitive job orientations have been identified as: (a) setting individual and group objectives for task allocation and implementation; (b) implementing shared decision making; (c) directing group process (including agenda building); (d) planning work and case management; (e) developing communication networks; (f) evaluating performance; (g) motivating workers; (h) case consultation and professional support; (i) team building; (j) worker and client advocacy; (k) conflict management; and (1) planned change at dyadic, team, and intergroup levels with particular attention to coalescing separate interests on behalf of employees and clients. (Cohen, Rhodes, 1977)
An overview of late-stage functionalization in today’s drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Michael Moir, Jonathan J. Danon, Tristan A. Reekie, Michael Kassiou
The use of directing groups for the activation of C–H groups has been an important development in the LSF of complex molecules. Metal-catalyzed non-directed activation however would allow for the functionalization of more distant sites and could be applied to molecules that do not contain suitable directing groups. This challenging field has been hindered by the lack of suitably reactive catalysts to perform such transformations, especially on electron poor systems. Recently Wang and coworkers reported the use of a 2-pyridinone ligand that binds to palladium and accelerates non-directed C–H functionalization with the arene as the limiting reagent (Figure 4(d)) [47]. The site-selectivity of the transformation is governed by a combination of steric and electronic effects and hence provides a complementary method to directed C–H functionalization. A huge substrate scope is explored including a number of pharmaceutical compounds such as fenobrate, which underwent a site-selective olefination reaction in 56% yield.
An update on late-stage functionalization in today’s drug discovery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Andrew P. Montgomery, Jack M. Joyce, Jonathan J. Danon, Michael Kassiou
The advent of C–H functionalization has afforded the opportunity to perform LSF of complex molecules [15]. Traditionally, LSF reactions have been divided into two reaction manifolds (Figure 1) where transition-metal mediated C–H cleavage leads to the formation of an organometallic complex – the key reactive intermediate for C–C or C–heteroatom bond formation [9]. Directed reactions use directing groups, molecular recognition, or a catalyst held in close proximity to a specific C–H bond to encourage cleavage at that position. Non-directed (innate) reactions target the most reactive C–H bond and are influenced solely by a molecule’s steric, electronic, and BDE profile. Further advances demonstrated functionalization of a C–H bond was possible via generation and regiocontrolled reactivity of radical intermediates (Figure 1) using known radical initiators such as peroxides, hypervalent iodine reagents, and transition metals as oxidants [20]. Consequently, the expanded scope of modern ‘C–H functionalization’ reaction methodology has broadened its definition to encompass insertion of a functional group at a traditionally inactive C–H bond by any means. Subsequent research interest in alternative methodologies for inducing radical-mediated C–H functionalization has led to the development of photoredox and metallophotoredox catalytic manifolds, which use (in)organic photocatalysts as radical initiators to either generate active radical intermediates or access high-valency transition metal catalysts for traditional C–H metallic insertion [21,22]. Recent work has introduced several exotic classes of radical-mediated C–H functionalization including those enabled by dual electrochemical/transition metal manifolds and biocatalysis [23,24]. The application of the LSF paradigm to peptide drug discovery also holds promise for improving the efficiency and reducing the complexity of peptide synthesis [21,25,26].