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Detection And Identification of Drugs of Dependence
Published in S.J. Mulé, Henry Brill, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Drug Dependence, 2019
The use of the XAD-2 resin column technique for the detection of barbiturates from urine was demonstrated quite nicely.31 In comparison to other analytical extraction techniques,3,4,6 the resin method was equal to or superior with respect to recovery of pentobarbital-14 C and phenobarbital-14C (83 to 88%) from urine. Table 5 shows the Rf values, as well as the color reactions used to detect several barbiturates as well as glutethimide and diphenylhydantoin. The primary reagents used to detect these drugs were mercuric sulfate, followed by diphenylcarbazone. A few of the barbiturates (i.e. aprobarbital, secobarbital) provided a yellow color reaction with the Nal spray. Detection of these drugs was based upon the color reactions as well as the Rf values on the polygram silica gel sheets.
Oral delivery of solid lipid nanoparticles: underlining the physicochemical characteristics and physiological condition affecting the lipolysis rate
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Mohammad Mahmoudian, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Sara Salatin, Raimar Löbenberg, Maryam Saadat, Ziba Islambulchilar, Hadi Valizadeh, Parvin Zakeri-Milani
In brief, two types of lipolysis models are used to evaluate the in vitro digestion of lipidic formulations: lipase–colipase assay and lipolysis test using the pH-stat apparatus. The lipase–colipase assay is based on the colorimetric reaction between diphenylcarbazone/diphenylcarbazide mixture and FFAs to determine the extent of lipid digestion [24]. While the pH-stat apparatus is a method based on monitoring the pH of the lipolysis medium. FFAs can be considered as the final products of lipid formulations digestion in the lipolysis medium, which lead to a drop in the pH of the medium. The pH of the lipolysis medium is neutralized by sodium hydroxide, thereby maintaining pH at a set point [77].