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Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside extracted from Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), is extensively used to treat several heart conditions. It strongly inhibits the expression of viral mRNA in SARS-CoV-2 chikungunya, MERS-CoV, HIV, and other viruses (Cho et al. 2020). In recent years, various studies showed the anticancer effects of digoxin, as individual administration or a combination with other chemosynthetic drugs. It has also been reported to down-regulate the signalling pathways necessary for tumour proliferation in several breast cancer cases (Wang et al. 2020).
Delivery of Herbal Cardiovascular Drugs in the Scenario of Nanotechnology: An Insight
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Kumar Anand, Subhabrata Ray, Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Rudranil Bhowmik, Sanmoy Karmakar, Monalisha Sen Gupta
Many herbs are found to contain potent cardioactive glycosides having serious cardiovascular effects showing positive inotropic actions. Digitalis purpurea is one of the famous herbs containing cardioactive glycosides used successfully for cardiac arrhythmia leading to CHF since many decades. Digoxin and Digitalis are the responsible cardioactive glycosides found in Digitalis pupurea. Digitalis lanata contains only digoxin. As a drawback of the drug, the therapeutic index of digitalis and digoxin is very low which makes the dose of the drug a subject of concern (Amine et al., 2016).
Hahnemann opposed old school of medicine
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Hahnemann opposed the old school of medicine due to some other reasons also. He said that old allopaths had been using drugs in very large doses. Cinchona bark was being used for all epidemic intermittent fever with enormous doses. Condition of patient became worse than he was having during the fever. Similarly, due to large doses of Digitalis purpurea, patients had serious toxic effects, and death was very common (Hahnemann, 1921/1993, pp. 71–73).
Letter in response to “fatal cardiac glycoside poisoning due to mistaking foxglove for comfrey”
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Adrienne Hughes, Robert G. Hendrickson, Betty Chia-Chi Chen, Matthew Valento
Shortly after arrival to the ED, the patient’s blood pressure dropped to 75/40 mmHg with a pulse of 30–40 BPM. Intravenous fluids and atropine were administered with minimal response. Hyperkalemia was treated with insulin, glucose and sodium bicarbonate, though repeat potassium concentration after these interventions was 8.2 mmol/L. Clinical deterioration progressed to cardiac arrest. Unintentional foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) poisoning was suspected after consultation with poison control, and the hospital’s entire supply of digoxin-specific antibody (6 vials) was administered. Despite ongoing CPR and administration of atropine, epinephrine, magnesium, calcium, isoproterenol, dopamine and transvenous pacing, return of spontaneous circulation was not achieved, and the patient expired. A serum digoxin concentration ultimately returned at 55 ng/mL (therapeutic range 0.5–2.0 ng/mL).
Foxglove poisoning: diagnostic and therapeutic differences with medicinal digitalis glycosides overdose
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Koen R. Maes, Pieter Depuydt, Joris Vermassen, Peter De Paepe, Walter Buylaert, Cathelijne Lyphout
Reports on poisoning with the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea) are scarce compared to those with digitalis glycosides in medicinal form. Accidental foxglove poisoning is infrequent because of its bitter taste and generally distinct appearance. However, there are reports of mistaking foxglove for edible plants like comfrey, resulting in the ingestion under the form of preparations ranging from tea to stew and even ravioli containing digitalis [1–3]. Intentional poisoning with the plant has only rarely been reported [4,5]. Literature on the practical approach of digitalis glycoside poisoning is scarce.
The predictive utility of the plant phylogeny in identifying sources of cardiovascular drugs
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Emily Guzman, Jeanmaire Molina
Traditional medicine has paved the way for the development of modern cardiovascular (CV) drugs including aspirin, digoxin, amiodarone and reserpine (Mashour et al. 1998; Fabricant and Farnsworth 2001; Li et al. 2015). Aspirin, currently used as an analgesic and anticoagulant, was developed by Bayer in the 1890s (Norn et al. 2009) from the natural product, salicin found in the bark of white willow, Salix alba L. (Salicaceae). However, its antithrombotic potential was not appreciated until 1950s. Aspirin therapy has been shown to significantly reduce vascular mortality by 23% (Almony et al. 1996). Digitalis purpurea L. (Plantaginaceae), commonly known as foxglove, is the source of the cardiac glycoside digoxin, which is prescribed for patients with congestive heart failure (Campbell and MacDonald 2003). William Withering, an 18th c. English physician, learned the use of foxglove from a folk herbalist, and determined its clinical effects particularly in treating dropsy (oedema) through its action of increasing the intensity of cardiac contractions (Krikler 1985). Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. (Apiaceae), an ancient Egyptian medicinal plant, was found to have cardioactive properties resulting in the development of the anti-arrhythmia drug, amiodarone, in the 1960s from khellin, the plant’s active natural product (Bhagavathula et al. 2015). In India, the root of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) has long been used for psychosis and as a sedative (Mashour et al. 1998; Rätsch 2005). The indole alkaloid reserpine was isolated from the root, and since 1950s has been used to reduce blood pressure (Lobay 2015). These examples highlight the importance of traditional medicine in drug discovery, with 80% of 122 compounds used globally as drugs having ethnomedicinal origins (Fabricant and Farnsworth 2001).