China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Doxepin is a dibenzoxepin derivative and tricyclic antidepressant-like drug with antipruritic, anti-depressive, sedative and anxiolytic activities with structural similarities to phenotheazines. Oral doxepin is approved for treatment of depression and/or anxiety associated with different conditions, including alcoholism, organic disease and manic-depressive disorders and for treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep maintenance. Topical doxepin is also approved for short-term (up to 8 days) management of moderate pruritus in adult patients with atopic dermatitis, pruritus or lichen simplex chronicus. In pharmaceutical products, doxepin is employed as doxepin hydrochloride (CAS number 1229-29-4, EC number 214-966-8, molecular formula C19H22ClNO) (1).
Developments in the discovery and design of intranasal antidepressants
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Małgorzata Panek, Paweł Kawalec, Andrzej Pilc, Władysław Lasoń
A thermo gelling polymer, Lutrol F127, as well as some mucoadhesive polymers were coformulated with venlafaxine to develop mucoadhesive thermoreversible nasal in situ gel of venlafaxine hydrochloride [81]. Vanlafaxine is used in the treatment of major depressive, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, and panic disorders. Due to the higher viscosity, the use of gel formulation translates into a longer residence time in the nasal mucosa than in the case of conventional solutions. An animal study revealed a better antidepressant effect in the group receiving venlafaxine administered as in situ gel nasal drops than in the group receiving oral venlafaxine [81]. Also, doxepin (a dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound used in the treatment of depression and anxiety) was successfully combined with chitosan and glycerophosphate–based thermoreversible systems to obtain biogels for nasal administration. An animal study showed the antidepressant activity of doxepin administered as a biogel formulation, with a simultaneous absence of significant local toxicity such as damage or irritation of nasal tissues (manifested as infiltration and glandular hyperplasia or severe epithelial hyperplasia) [82].