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Human Erythroenzymopathies Of The Anaerobic Embden-Meyerhof Glycolytic And Associated Pathways
Published in Ronald L. Nagel, Genetically Abnormal Red Cells, 2019
Ernst R. Jaffé, William N. Valentine
Hemolytic anemia has been described in a single subject in whom 20 to 30% of total erythrocyte nucleotides were in the form of cytidine diphosphate-choline.154 P5N activity was entirely normal, as were membrane phospholipids both quantitatively and qualitatively. The pathogenesis is unknown, though one concept postulates defective cholinephosphotrans-ferase in erythroid precursors. The enzyme catalyzes a reaction whereby phosphatidyl choline and CMP are formed from CDP-choline and diacylglycerol. Although this reaction represents one synthetic pathway of lecithin formation in nucleated precursors, lecithin can be abundantly incorporated into the plasma membrane by passive transfer from plasma.
Emerging ergogenic aids for strength/power development
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
PA may be metabolized via two pathways: 1) PA may be dephosphorylated back to DAG via the enzyme PA phosphatase – DAG can be esterified with a third fatty acyl-CoA group to form triacylglycerol and be stored in adipose tissue; and 2) PA can be converted to cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-DAG via the enzyme CDP-DAG synthase – it can then be converted to glycerol-phospholipids such as PI, phosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin, which play important roles in intracellular signalling, vesicular trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, mitochondrial function and a number of other cellular processes (6).
Fetal Circulation
Published in Miriam Katz, Israel Meizner, Vaclav Insler, Fetal Well-Being, 2019
Miriam Katz, Israel Meizner, Vaclav Insler
The de novo production of PC requires phosphorylation of choline, which is activated by conversion of choline phosphate to cytidine diphosphate derivative and then the transfer of the phosphorylcholine portion of the active compound to diglyceride. The described pathway of PC synthesis is the cytidine diphosphate choline pathway (CDP).39 This pathway is stable and not affected by changes in the fetal milieu, such as hypothermia, hypoxia, or acidosis. The CDP pathway is found to produce surfactant only from week 36 of pregnancy onward. Prior to week 36, lecithin is produced mainly by methylation. The methylation pathway is a process during which the phosphatidyl ethanolamine is bound to the diglyceride and thereafter undergoes methylation. This pathway of surfactant biosynthesis is easily affected by changes in the fetal homeostasis. The methylation pathway is known to be active as early as week 18 of gestation.
Ameliorative effect of myo-inositol on red blood cell alterations in polycystic ovary syndrome: in vitro study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Alessandra Andrisani, Gabriella Donà, Chiara Sabbadin, Elena Tibaldi, Francesco Dessole, Valentina Bosello Travain, Loris Marin, Anna Maria Brunati, Guido Ambrosini, Decio Armanini, Eugenio Ragazzi, Luciana Bordin
(i) RBC, previously described as lacking the enzyme needed for the de novo synthesis of PI leading to the condensation of MYO with cytidine-diphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) [28], recently have been shown to incorporate MYO also at 30 min, but without forming PI in the absence of additional CTP-DAG [29]. We can argue that in 24 h a sort of MYO incorporation could have occurred but also additional studies are required to estimate the effective de novo synthesis of PI. PI is the precursor of both phosphatidyl (PIs) and glycosyl phosphatidyl inositols (GPIs) synthesis, commonly taking place between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus [30]. If PIs are considered the second messengers inside the cells, insulin-activated phospholipase D gives birth to GPI derivatives, the inositol glycan second messenger (INS-2), which can also be yielded in the outer membrane surface of the cell and modulate insulin action [30], thus potentiating insulin effects and reducing the insulin resistance.
New approved and emerging pharmacological approaches to alcohol use disorder: a review of clinical studies
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Kirsten C Morley, Christina J Perry, Joshua Watt, Tristan Hurzeler, Lorenzo Leggio, Andrew J Lawrence, Paul Haber
Citicoline (cytidine diphosphate-choline) is a widely available supplement with a favorable side effect profile. Citicoline functions as a metabolite and precursor of acetylcholine and is also an essential component of cell membrane phospholipids [69] and thus plays an important role in neuronal structure and signaling [70]. Studies have demonstrated that in methamphetamine-dependent individuals, citicoline administration is associated with increased levels of prefrontal N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) [71], which is a marker of neuronal viability and has been shown to correlate with poor cognitive functioning in heavy drinkers [72].