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Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Dayton et al.1165 investigated the relationship between agricultural pesticide use and the incidence of MI among women in the AHS. Little is known about the effect of chronic low-dose pesticide exposure on cardiovascular outcomes because the majority of human data are from poisoning episodes. Six pesticides were positively associated with nonfatal MI among the farm women. The insecticide coumaphos had the highest OR. There were no associations between MI and total lifetime days of pesticide use or for various farm activities, such as operating farm equipment or solvent use. Although, they observed associations with use of specific chemicals for women in the AHS, no associations were seen for MI among the men in the cohort.1163
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Studies by Cutaneous Administration
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
Rochelle W. Tyl, Raymond G. York, James L. Schardein
A few pesticides have been studied with respect to dermal exposures and effects on developmental toxicity. Coumaphos applied topically to cattle at various stages of gestation at doses of up to 28 g/45 kg had no developmental toxicity.80
Advances in detection of hazardous organophosphorus compounds using organophosphorus hydrolase based biosensors
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Monika Jain, Priyanka Yadav, Abhijeet Joshi, Prashant Kodgire
Among the OP compound degrading enzymes, OPH demonstrates wider substrate activity that includes P─O, P─F, P─CN, and P─S bonds (Table 1). OPH shows its activity on substrates such as paraoxon, DFP, VX, soman, mipafox, dursban, parathion, coumaphos, diazinon, fensulfothion, methyl parathion, cyanophos, acephate, azinophos-ethyl demethon-S, malathion, phosalone, methamidophos, tetriso, and (Sp)-EPN, making it a favorable candidate for biosensor and bioremediation studies. Similar to OPH, OPAA also shows wider substrate specificity, and thus can be used for detection as well as for bioremediation applications. Interestingly, human Paraoxonase is the only reported enzyme which can cleave P─C bond compounds, and reported to be more efficient for the degradation of some OPs like cyclosarin and soman than OPH and DFPase (Amitai et al. 2006).