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Scientific Rationale for the Use of Single Herb Remedies in Ayurveda
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
S. Ajayan, R. Ajith Kumar, Nirmal Narayanan
The leaves are rich in alkaloids like conophylline, conophyllidine (Kam et al. 1993), voaphylline, N1-methylvoaphylline, voaharine, pachysiphine, apparicine, (- )-mehranine, conofoline (Kam and Anuradha 1995), taberhanine, voafinine, N-methylvoafinine, voafinidine, voalenine and conophyllinine (Kam et al. 2003).
Mode of Action of Selected Botanicals That Lower Blood Glucose
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Conophylline, a plant alkaloid present in T. divaricata or Ervatamia microphylla, facilitates differentiation and generation of pancreatic cells in vitro and in vivo (Kawakami, Hirayama, Tsuchiya et al. 2010; Kodera, Yamada, Yamamoto et al. 2009; Ogata, Li, Yamada et al. 2004).
Improving therapeutic resistance: beginning with targeting the tumor microenvironment
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2022
Xiao-ying Guan, Xiao-li Guan, Zuo-yi Jiao
Compared with cancer cells, CAFs are relatively stable and are less likely to show drug resistance, so they can be used as potential therapeutic targets. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is the primary marker of cancer-associated stromal cells (CASCs) in almost all cancers. Depletion of FAP + CASCs was found to inhibit tumor growth through adaptive immune-dependent and independent mechanisms [109]. Drugs have also been developed for the treatment of tumor fibrosis. Studies have shown that conophylline (CnP), a novel natural compound, can inhibit the fibrosis of solid tumors. A preclinical study in pancreatic cancer cells found that CnP could inhibit CAF activity and proliferation and inhibit the stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells by CAFs. In addition, CnP significantly reduces the production of various cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8 secreted by CAFs, CCL2 and CXCL12. The study also showed that the combined treatment of a mouse xenograft model with CnP and gemcitabine significantly inhibited tumor proliferation [110].