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Nutrition Part I
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
Several dietary and nutritional components have been shown to decrease inflammation by interrupting the inflammatory vascular receptors (8). These include the following:Curcumin (turmeric).Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon).Sulforaphane (broccoli).Resveratrol (nutritional supplement, red wine, grapes).Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (green tea).Luteolin (celery, green pepper, rosemary, carrots, oregano, oranges, olives).Quercetin (tea, apples, onion, tomatoes, capers).
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The plant is traditionally used for many centuries for the treatment of diabetes and other conditions. Effectiveness of C. zeylanicum for the management of diabetes is known by half of the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The plant extracts exhibited a high hypoglycemic effect by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 ranging from 0.5 to 8.7 and 37.1 to 52.5 μg/mL, respectively. Obtained results support the traditional use of a number of the analysed species (Saheli et al. 2013). C. zeylanicum oil (CTO) and cinnamaldehyde were orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats to study its effect in both acute and chronic anti-hyperglycemic models. The body weight, oral glucose tolerance test and biochemical parameters, viz., glucose level, insulin level, liver glycogen content, glycosylated hemoglobin, total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride parameters were estimated for all treated groups and compared against a diabetic control group. CTO (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), cinnamaldehyde (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) in respective groups of diabetic animals administered for 28 days reduced the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. There was a significant increase in body weight, liver glycogen content, plasma insulin level and decrease in the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total plasma cholesterol in test groups as compared to the control group. The results of CTO and cinnamaldehyde were found comparable with standard drug glibenclamide (Kumar et al. 2012).
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
Cinnamon comprises of numerous bioactive constituents like cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamate. Bioactive compounds of cinnamon improve with appearance of dark color due to aging of cinnamon. Various essential oils (α-thujene, cinnamyl acetate, L-bornyl acetate, eugenol, E-nerolidol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, L-borneol, terpinolene, caryophyllene oxide, α-terpineol, b-caryophyllene, and α-cubebene) are present in cinnamon extracts. The 2′-hydroxycinnamaldehyde is known to inhibit the formation of nitric oxide by retarding the initiation of NF-κB, signifying the anti-inflammatory potential of this compound. Several bioactive components present in C. ramulus revealed potent anti-inflammatory characteristics due to inhibitory action on expression of NO, iNOSandCOX-2 production in CNS (central nervous system). Therefore, C. ramulus could be a potent nutraceutical agent responsible for preventing neuro-degenerative ailments caused due to inflammation [36].
Trans-cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan based nanocapsules display antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Ran Mu, Hanyi Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xinyue Li, Jiaxuan Ji, Xinyue Wang, Yu Gu, Xiaofei Qin
Chitosan (CS), a product of deacetylation of chitin, has the advantages of good biocompatibility, antibiosis, and promotion of enamel remineralization, and is declared by US FDA to be GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) [19,20]. Lots of studies have shown that CS can inhibit the formation and adhesion of dental plaque and biofilm. Its positive potential groups can disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, thereby effectively inhibiting bacterial growth [19,21]. CS has been widely used in skin hydrogels, mouthwashes, and toothpaste, showing excellent antibacterial effects and enamel protection [20]. On the other hand, more studies showed that chitosan-based nanoparticles have higher antibacterial performance than pure chitosan due to the increase of specific surface area, which has better adhesion and can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of dental caries [19,21,22]. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), as a natural extract, has anti-inflammatory and broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. It could be a potential anti-caries drug due to its strong effect of inhibiting S. mutans [23–26]. However, its application is limited due to its low water solubility. Therefore, multifunctional nanosystems with high-concentration CA loaded need to be designed to inhibit S. mutans, to achieve the purpose of preventing dental caries.
Improved uptake and bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde via solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Long Wu, Yun Meng, Yuhang Xu, Xiaoqin Chu
The Chinese herb Ramulus Cinnamomi, which is the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, has long been used to treat colds, edema, palpitations, joint pain, and improve blood circulation (Peng et al. 2021). Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is the main component of the volatile oil of cinnamon and is a phenylpropenal structural compound. It has been widely used in medicinal and food applications due to its strong and pleasant aroma (Zuo et al. 2017). In addition, it is also widely used as an antimicrobial and preservative in the food industry due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties (Jessica Elizabeth et al. 2017). However, in recent years, CA has been found to have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic activities (Hong et al. 2016; Mendes et al. 2016).
Behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical evaluations on the effects of cinnamaldehyde, naloxone, and their combination in morphine-induced cerebellar toxicity
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Soraya Mahmoudi, Amir Abbas Farshid, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Mehdi Imani, Farahnaz Noroozinia
In this study, long-term (28 d) cinnamaldehyde administration even at a dose of 20 mg/kg did not produce any alterations in physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters in rats not exposed to morphine-treatment. Cinnamaldehyde produced nearly 100% mortality in the rats when used at a dose of 940 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks (Hébert et al. 1994). In addition, oral administration of cinnamaldehyde at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 14 d induced genetic alterations at chromosomal level in liver of the rats (Mereto et al. 1994). These findings indicate that doses above than 500 mg/kg of cinnamaldehyde may be lethal and toxic. However, many researchers have used cinnamaldehyde at a dose range of 5–80 mg/kg for different periods and suggested beneficial effects of cinnamaldehyde in improving pathological conditions such as diabetes, memory impairment, and organ injury (Subash-Babu et al. 2014, Huang and Wang 2017, Abdelmageed et al. 2019). In our study, measured parameters were not changed in the rats not exposed to morphine by long-term naloxone administration. It has been reported that chronic subcutaneous injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg) twice a day for six consecutive days did not cause any adverse effects in mice (Chou et al. 2012).