China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cinchona officinalis (Cinchona Tree) and Corylus avellana (Common Hazel)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sawsan A. Oran, Arwa Rasem Althaher, Mohammad S. Mubarak
Cinchonine (C19H22N2O) (Figure 19.3) is the second most major alkaloid found in Cinchona after quinine, and it is also employed as an anti-malarial drug (Tracy, 1996). Cinchonine has lower toxicity than quinine and higher activity than other quinine-related compounds (Genne et al., 1994). However, the exact percentage of cinchonine in Cinchona is controversial. Moreover, it is mainly used as an antimicrobial agent, and broadly used for schizonticide, amoebiasis, flu, dysentery, and fever. It also serves as a moderate stimulant to the mucosa of the stomach (Kacprzak, 2013).
Synergistic effect and efflux pump inhibitory activity of Ficus nitida phenolic extract with tetracycline against some pathogenic bacteria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohamed A. Embaby, Mohamed A. El-Raey, Mohamed Zaineldain, Omar Almaghrabi, Diaa A. Marrez
Chlorogenic acid and Quinic acid exhibited antibacterial activity against St. aureus (Li et al. 2014). Quinic acid showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against the foodborne pathogens included the gram-positive and the gram-negative bacteria. Quinic acid decreased the membrane fluidity of St. aureus and had a significant effect on the normal functions of cell membrane of St. aureus. The highest antimicrobial activity of tea due to presence of catechins polyphenols which damage the bacterial cell membrane. The bactericidal action of catechins is due to its hydrogen peroxide generation (Arakawa et al. 2004). Kumar et al. (2015) found that twelve derivatives of catechin had antibacterial activity against St. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, B. subtilis, Klebsiella planticola, E. coli, and Ps. aeruginosa with MIC values ranged from 2.34 to 300 μg ml−1. Due to the antimicrobial activity of 5-O-Caffeoyl quinic acid toward selected E. coli, St. aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Pr. vulgaris, Ps. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and Candida albicans, it had possible application to use as preservative in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries (Bajko et al. 2016). Cinchonine was found to be effective against biofilm producing St. aureus (Skogman et al. 2012).