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The Potential of Medicinal Plants as Treatments for Infections Caused by Aspergillus spp.
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Tefo K. Pule, Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall, Quenton Kritzinger
The tested compounds from rooibos such as chrysoeriol have been reported to show a selective bronchodilator effect, showing potential for respiratory treatments (Khan and Gilani, 2006). In addition, several plant species such as Artemisia afra (W.), Bulbine spp., Carpobrotus edulis L., Leonotis leonurus L., Lippia javanica (Brum.f.) Spreng, Melianthus comosus Vahl, Pentanisia prunelloides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp., Rauvolfia caffra (Sond), Rothmannia capensis (T.) and Scilla natalensis (Lindl.) are used to treat several respiratory ailments such as coughs and difficulty with breathing (Mabona and Van Vuuren, 2013). Furthermore, they are used to treat skin ailments including but not limited to skin boils, abscesses, ringworm and fungal acne (Mabona and Van Vuuren, 2013). These plants are reported to have antimicrobial active compounds including essential oils, phenolic compounds and proteins which have been used as antifungal agents (Mabona and Van Vuuren, 2013).
The polymethoxylated flavone hexamethylquercetagetin suppresses NF-κB signaling and inhibits cell survival in cervical carcinoma
Published in Growth Factors, 2023
Yanan Sun, Nan Li, Yuru Cai, Xingnan Zhao, Hongyu Yang
Hexamethylquercetagetin (HTQC) is a major flavonoid isolated from peels of citrus cultivars, which can be considered as polymethoxylated quercetagetin (Delaney et al. 2001; Delaney et al. 2002). Although little research is relevant to the biological function of HTQC, several investigations have been performed on quercetagetin. Quercetagetin can attenuate activating protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-κB promoter activities to reduce cell transformation in the skin carcinogenesis mouse model (Baek et al. 2013). In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, quercetagetin does not show any inhibition on NF-κB activation. While as a methylated flavone, chrysoeriol, is found to be the most potent NF-κB inhibitor with diminished matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions (Amrutha et al. 2014). It is indicated that the methylated flavone may have the potential to inhibit NF-κB activity.
Study on the Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl Flavonoids In Vitro and Its Screen of Small Molecule Active Components
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Yu Xiaojin, Liu Caiyan, Yang Lianrong, Xie Guoliang, Li Zhengqing, Chen Shizhe, Yang Xiaodi, Han Hua
Additionally, the luteolin from total flavonoids can promote apoptosis via antioxidant activity in colon cancer cells (18). However, apoptosis requires the cooperation of a variety of molecules involving enzyme, receptor and molecules signal, as well as gene regulating proteins. Among them, Caspase protein is vital in the process of apoptosis was reported in previously literature (19). Thus, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 proteins were selected to investigate whether the small molecules of SPF can be combined with them to predict the mechanism of its anticancer activity. The flexible docking results indicated that the best combination of Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-glucopyranoside (or its isomer) and Caspase-3, Caspase-8, as well as Caspase-9 respectively. Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-glucopyranoside (or its isomer) was also described by Chen et al, in previously study (20). Followed by Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside also has a better combination with caspase 3and caspase eight proteins, agreement with that previously described from leaf extracts of Nitraria retusa (21). Moreover, Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside can contact Caspase-8, Caspase-9. In previously reported that Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside is an ingredient from Crataegus azarolus leaves which can promote apoptosis in Human HT-29 and HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells via inducing the activation of caspase-8 (22). Chrysoeriol can bind well to caspase-3 during molecular docking in our study, and Gatouillat et al. (23) in a previous study also demonstrated Chrysoeriol was also one of the chemical constituents of alfalfa leaf extracts, and alfalfa leaf extracts induced apoptosis in mouse leukemia P388 cell line through the activation of caspase-3. In comparison, Rutin can act well on caspase-9 protein. In accordance with Radix tetrastigma total flavonoids that can promote the apoptosis of A549 cells via up-regulating the expression of caspase-9 (24). And it has been reported in the literature that small molecules mentioned above could enhance the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 proteins to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells by activating the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway that was critical to cell survival (10).
Evaluation of the protective effects of Ganoderma applanatum against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
C. Lalmuansangi, Mary Zosangzuali, Marina Lalremruati, Lalchhandami Tochhawng, Zothan Siama
The versatile use of doxorubicin in cancer treatment is limited by the toxic side effects of the drug. Different strategies to combat the toxic effects of doxorubicin have been made. Antioxidants of natural origin have become a safe and promising approach. Medicinal plants, microbes, and fungus provide invaluable resource for natural antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the protective role of the medicinal mushroom G. applanatum in protecting DOX-induced tissue damage in cancer. We evaluated the antioxidant activities of G. applanatum in a cell-free system using the standard DPPH and ABTS tests. Various extracts of G. applanatum effectively reduced the stable radical purple-colored DPPH to the yellow-colored diphenylpicrylhydrazine; and ABTS•+ to ABTS indicating the extracts as potent antioxidants (Figures 1–3). Our findings are in line with previous studies that have indicated the antioxidant nature of G. applanatum (Moradali 2006, Jeong 2008, Rajoriya et al.2015). The presence of phenolic compounds in many plants and mushrooms are the main contributing factors for their antioxidant properties. These phenolic compounds bear conjugated ring structures and hydroxyl groups that aid in scavenging or stabilizing free radicals involved in oxidative processes through hydrogenation or complexing with oxidizing species (Amic et al. 2003). Phenolic compounds such as sesamol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, gingerol, curcumin, and anthocyanins have been used to reduce DOX toxicity (Della-Torre et al. 1994, Ojha et al. 2016). Another important contributing factor for antioxidant activities is the presence of flavonoids, a type of naturally occurring phenolic compounds. Flavonoids such as chrysin, naringin, naringenin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, hesperidin, chrysoeriol, baicalein, avicularin, apigenin have been reported to show protective effects against DOX-induced nephro-, hepato-, and cardiotoxicity by elevating antioxidant enzyme levels and reversal of histopathological changes induced by DOX (Rashid et al. 2013, Ojha et al. 2016). Our study reveals the presence of significant amounts of flavonoid and phenolic compounds (Figures 4 and 5) in G. appalantum confirming that the fungus is a potent antioxidant. In addition, high ferric reducing power of G. appalantum was also evidenced in our study which serves as a significant indicator of its potential antioxidant activity.