China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biomacromolecules from Marine Organisms and Their Biomedical Application
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Pitchiah Sivaperumal, Kannan Kamala, Ganapathy Dhanraj
The marine environment has been confirmed to be an enormous source of bioactive materials, even though the available knowledge about marine biomaterials and their tool is quite at its beginning. In addition, marine ecosystem needs to protect so the diverse of natural component can be certainly used for biomedical purposes. In particular, marine bioactive macromolecules are important for several benefits in the search for new drugs. With their diverse chemical ecology, the marine organisms have an abundant capacity for providing effective, low-cost and safer therapeutic drugs that deserve broad exploration. In addition, using marine-origin macromolecules in biomedical engineering approaches, specifically their achievement in in-vivo studies, is still necessary to improve their potential in this precise area. Nevertheless, applied and basic research efforts regarding marine-derived macromolecules in the biomedical field need a close partnership between chemists and biologists, including marine microbiologists, marine biologists, biochemistry experts and computational scientists to accomplish screenings and detailed structural and biological studies.
Essential Oils as Lures for Invasive Ambrosia Beetles
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Paul E. Kendra, Nurhayat Tabanca, Wayne S. Montgomery, Jerome Niogret, David Owens, Daniel Carrillo
A critical component for successful pest management is the identification of effective attractants, followed by development of lures for early pest detection. This process is facilitated by an understanding of the unique aspects of the insect's chemical ecology. First, as with other ambrosia beetles within the tribe Xyleborini, species-specific sex pheromones are not used by X. glabratus or Euwallacea spp.; this is because new females usually mate with their flightless male siblings prior to dispersal from the natal gallery. Second, atypical of ambrosia beetles, neither X. glabratus or Euwallacea spp. are strongly attracted to ethanol. These beetles function ecologically as primary colonizers, capable of attacking healthy unstressed trees. As a result, they are attracted to the volatile terpenoids naturally emitted from the wood of host trees (i.e., kairomones used for host location). Since essential oils consist of concentrated plant terpenoids, they have provided an ideal substrate for development of lures for ambrosia beetle pests (Hanula and Sullivan, 2008; Kendra et al., 2012c, 2014b, 2015b, 2016a, 2018; Owens et al., 2017). This chapter will summarize the succession of essential oil lures used for X. glabratus over the last decade, outline development of the current lure which is highly enriched in (–)-α-copaene, present chemical analysis of the α-copaene lure, and describe its recent applications for detection of Euwallacea in Florida avocado groves.
Insight into Knapsack Metabolite Ecology Database: A Comprehensive Source of Species: Voc-Biological Activity Relationships
Published in Raquel Cumeras, Xavier Correig, Volatile organic compound analysis in biomedical diagnosis applications, 2018
Azian Azamimi Abdullah, M.D. Altaf-Ul-Amin, Shigehiko Kanaya
The first types of data focused on microorganism species only but the second type of data include VOCs emitted by other biological species such as plants, animals, and humans. The second data that we have accumulated until now is 1044 species-species interactions via 341 VOCs associated with 11 groups of biological activities. The biological activities of VOCs are classified into two types: (i) chemical ecology-related activities, in which most VOCs involved in the interaction between species for the survival of organisms such as defense and antimicrobial; and (ii) human healthcare related activities, in which many VOCs are disease biomarkers and odors. From our accumulated data, 57.3% of the activities belong to chemical ecology such as antifungal, antimicrobial, attractant, defense, enhance plant growth, inhibit root growth and repellent activities and 42.7% are human health related activities such as disease biomarker, odor, anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant as shown in Figure 9.8.
Neurodevelopmental and transcriptomic effects of CRISPR/Cas9-induced somatic orco mutation in honey bees
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2021
Zhenqing Chen, Ian M. Traniello, Seema Rana, Amy C. Cash-Ahmed, Alison L. Sankey, Che Yang, Gene E. Robinson
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an important model system for studying olfaction, especially in the context of behavior (Sandoz, 2011). Honey bees live in colonies of tens of thousands of individuals, which coordinate the performance of behavioral tasks primarily through chemical signals (G. E. Robinson, Grozinger, & Whitfield, 2005). Honey bee olfaction has been studied extensively at the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological levels (Menzel, et al.,2012) and more recently with genomic tools (Alaux & Robinson, 2007; Guo et al.,2016; Wallberg et al.,2019). A total of 148 ORs have been identified in the most recent assembly of the honey bee genome (Wallberg et al.,2019). So far only one has been functionally characterized, a queen pheromone receptor (Wanner et al.,2007). Honey bees have many more ORs than Drosophila (60; Drosophila Odorant Receptor Nomenclature Committee, 2000), but similar numbers to other social insect species (Zhou et al.,2015). The relationship between sociality and OR diversity has led to the hypothesis that OR number is associated with the complexity of a species’ chemical ecology and social communication systems (Robertson, 2019; Yan et al.,2020; Zhou et al.,2012).
Driving Precision Medicine through Proteomics and Metabolomics - 12th Central and Eastern European Proteomic Conference (CEEPC), Bucharest, Romania
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2019
Suresh Jivan Gadher, Felica Antohe, Hana Kovarova
Ales Svatos (Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany) shared the yellow mystery of Papaver nudicaule with an integrated omics approach to understand this obscure biosynthetic pathway for nudicaulins. Buds in different developmental stages were harvested from plants and RNA, proteins and metabolites were extracted using specific protocols. Trypsinolysed peptides were analyzed and molecular base of pelargonidin glucosides and indole in yellow poppy flowers was characterized to elucidate nudicaulins for their possible medicinal use.