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Herbal Drug Discovery Against Inflammation: From Traditional Wisdom to Modern Therapeutics
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Shalini Dixit, Karuna Shanker, Madhumita Srivastava, Priyanka Maurya, Nupur Srivastava, Jyotshna, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
Isoquinolines protoberberine (berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine), bisbenzylisoquinoline (berbamine, oxyacanthine, aromoline) and aporphine (magnoflorine) isolated from the roots, barks, and branches of Turkish berberis species have shown good anti-inflammatory activity (Hristova and Istatkova, 1999). Since ancient times bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids have been used as major components of some anti-rheumatic remedies. Recently, bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are also reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting synthesis or the action of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. One of the well-known bisbenzylisol-quinoline alkaloids is tetrandrine and its analogsberbamine, fangchinoline. Cepharanthine, cycleanine, isotetrandrine isolated from Stephania cephararantha exhibited suppressive effects on histamine release (Satoh, Nagai, Ono, and Aoki, 2003). Aconitum flavum Hand-Mazz and A. pendulum Busch from family Ranunculaceae were found to inhibit the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid or histamine and also inhibited carrageenan-induced edema (Tang et al., 1984). O-acetylethanolamine an active constituent isolated from the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina Linn. contains an anti-inflammatory activity. A piperidine alkaloid betonicine distributed among various plants viz. Betonica officinalis, Marrubium vulgare, Stachys sylvatica (Labiatae), Achillea moschata, and A. millefolium (Compositae) is found to significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced hind paw edema (MacLean, 1985).
An Overview of COVID-19 Treatment
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saffora Riaz, Farkhanda Manzoor, Dou Deqiang, Najmur Rahman
The bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, e.g., tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cepharanthine isolated from Stephania tetrandra have been reported for anti-SARS-CoV effects. The restricted alkaloid lycorine from Lycoris radiata generally showed unique obstruction of SARS-CoV [113].
Computational Biology and Bioinformatics in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drug Development
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
Since earlier studies of viruses from the Coronaviridae family established several viral proteins, such as RdRp, Mpro (also called 3CLpro), and PLpro as candidate drug targets, the homologue proteins from SARS-CoV-2 were utilized in drug repurposing studies [140]. A few illustrative examples of successful use of computational drug repurposing for COVID-19 are given below. Efliky reported that RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 can be targeted efficiently by several FDA-approved drugs, such as IDX-184, remdesivir, ribavirin, and sofosbuvir [146]. According to Krishnan et al., SARS-CoV-2 endoribonuclease NSP15 can be potentially inhibited by eight compounds from a set of 3,978 compounds with antiviral properties retrieved from the Enamine database [147]. Mark et al. docked 970,000 chemical compounds obtained from the ZINC database and Enamine library to SARS-CoV-2 helicase NSP13 and found that lumacaftor and cepharanthine can serve as inhibitors of this protein [148].
Cepharanthine loaded nanoparticles coated with macrophage membranes for lung inflammation therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Caihong Lu, Jinpeng Zheng, Yaning Ding, Yuanyuan Meng, Fangyun Tan, Wei Gong, Xiaoyang Chu, Xiaolong Kong, Chunsheng Gao
Cepharanthine (CEP) is a biscoclaurine alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata (Murakami et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2019). CEP has been shown to have a variety of effects, such as raising leukocyte (Furusawa & Wu, 2007), anti-inflammatory (Kao et al., 2015), anti-cancer (Yu et al., 2016), and enhancing immune regulation (Uto et al., 2011). Recent data in the literature showed that CEP can suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide production, cytokine production, and expression of cyclooxygenase, all of which are crucial to viral replication and inflammatory response (Rogosnitzky et al., 2020). Against SARS-CoV-2 and homologous viruses, CEP predominantly inhibits viral entry and replication in vitro (Ayele et al., 2021). Therefore, CEP is a promising candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 (Fan et al., 2020; McKee et al., 2020). However, a large dose (6–12 tablets per day) is required for current commercially available tablets. And CEP has poor solubility and is not easily absorbed by oral administration, resulting in low bioavailability (Deng et al., 2017). In addition, After the administration of the ordinary injection, CEP is quickly eliminated by the body, which has the problem of a short half-life. To effectively achieve a slow-release, reduce the side effects of the drugs, improve the bioavailability of the drugs, and transport anti-infect medicine selectively to inflammation tissues, lung targeted delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy.
Cepharanthine hydrochloride induces mitophagy targeting GPR30 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2020
Yao Wang, Gui-Feng Su, Ze-Xiu Huang, Zhen-Guang Wang, Peng-Jun Zhou, Jiang-Lin Fan, Yi-Fei Wang
Cepharanthine is a naturally occurring alkaloid from the plant Stephania cephalantha Hayata [1]. It has been approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health for the treatment of radiation-induced leukopenia, alopecia areata and alopecia pityrodes [2]. Recent years, a number of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown the anti-tumor activity of cepharanthine [1]. The mechanisms are generally believed to be heterogeneous due to cepharanthine’s efficacy in a broad range of conditions. To date, cepharanthine has been studied in several phase I/II clinical trials; however, it is usually used as an adjuvant agent in cancer therapy [3,4]. Cepharanthine monotherapy has limited therapeutic efficacy and therefore the mechanism remains unknown.