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Use of Critically Important Antimicrobials in Food Production
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Many classes of antibiotics used in food animals are the same as used in people. This includes groups classified as “critically important” for human use by the WHO (WHO, 2011; WHO, 2013; Collignon et al., 2009). Although many antibiotics can be the same as those used in humans (e.g. ampicillin), others are in the same class but are not used in people. These agents often have unfamiliar names to medical workers but nevertheless are from similar drug classes as agents used in human health. For example, ceftiofur is a commonly used third-generation cephalosporin in animal production but in fact is very similar to ceftriaxone (see Chapter 27, Ceftriaxone). Similarly, tylosin is a high-volume usage macrolide administered only in animals, and avoparcin is a glycopeptide similar to vancomycin (see Chapter 43, Vancomycin), which was used as an animal growth promoter.
Is occlusion of the main pancreatic duct by thermal ablation really safe? A surgical innovation assessed according to IDEAL recommendations
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Xavier Moll, Dolors Fondevila, Félix García-Arnas, Juan J. Pérez, Benedetto Ielpo, Patricia Sánchez-Velázquez, Luis Grande, Sofía Jaume, Aleksandar Radosevic, Luis Barranco, Enrique Berjano, Fernando Burdio, Anna Andaluz
Animals in the 7 and 30-day Groups received water ad libitum for the first 24 h and subsequently were fed appropriate food twice daily. A delayed-acting antibiotic (ceftiofur 5 mg/kg IM) was administered (animals with postoperative follow-up) at the end of the surgery procedure. All the animals were inspected twice a day for the first seven postoperative days to detect any clinical signs of pancreatic leak or sepsis and to monitor debit and state of abdominal drains. They received morphine (0.2 mg/kg IM, q8h) for the first 16 postoperative hours and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM, q24 h) for postoperative analgesia in the first five postoperative days. They were also given a 100 µg/h fentanyl patch for four days after the surgical procedure. Peripheral blood was collected for measurement of serum amylase levels prior to the surgical procedure for all Groups, on days 2 and 7 PO for 7-day and 30-day Groups, and four weeks before euthanasia for 30-day Group. The blood samples were centrifuged at 2500 × G for 10 min to extract the serum. Biochemical laboratory parameters were determined at the Centralized Analysis Center of the Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Veterinary Faculty, by technicians who were unaware of the study groups.
A Large Segmental Mid-Diaphyseal Femoral Defect Sheep Model: Surgical Technique
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
David S. Margolis, Gerardo Figueroa, Efren Barron Villalobos, Jordan L. Smith, Cynthia J. Doane, David A. Gonzales, John A. Szivek
Sheep anesthesia is not straightforward, and a veterinary practitioner with experience should be available due to numerous potential species-specific complications [19]. General anesthetic is induced with Ketamine (5–6 mg/kg, IV), Midazolam (0.2–0.5 mg/kg, IV) and isoflurane (1–4%, inhalation). The animal is intubated, ophthalmic ointment is applied and preoperative analgesia is provided with burprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg, IM). Excede® (ceftiofur) is administered as a prophylactic antibiotic (5 mg/kg, IM). An orogastric tube is also placed during patient preparation. Anesthesia is maintained using isoflurane under positive pressure mechanical ventilation. The animal is placed in the right lateral decubitus position. The wool is sheared near the right midsection for placement of a Bovie pad and the left hindquarter for surgery. To facilitate preparation of the hindquarter the foot is wrapped in tape from the metatarsals to the hoof, leaving a loop at the end to allow suspension of the limb on an IV pole (Figure 3a). The skin is prepped using alcohol and chlorhexidine. Once the surgical site is dry, sterile towels and drapes are placed with the limb suspended. The hindlimb is then supported at the knee and the tape is cut to release it from the IV pole, following which a sterile stocking net is applied over the leg, and is overwrapped by sterile Coban™ and Ioban™.
Feasibility Study of Catheter-Based Interventions for Anisotropic Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Cardiovascular Conduits in a Growing Lamb Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Anthony Azakie, John P. Carney, Matthew T. Lahti, Melissa K. Seiberlich, Gurumurthy Hiremath, Yuriy Moklyak, Richard W. Bianco
Animals were sedated with 0.04 mg/kg atropine IM and 10 mg/kg ketamine IM. Supportive fluids, 0.9% normal saline (NaCl), were administered IV. Anesthesia was induced using 2–6 mg/kg Propofol IV. Animals were endotracheally intubated for mechanical ventilation at 10–15 breaths per minute, 4 LO2/min, and 1–4% isoflurane. A stomach tube was inserted and approximately 1 pint of antacid was administered via the tube to prevent bloat. An antibiotic, 3 mg/kg ceftiofur IM, and corticosteroid, 250 mg methylprednisolone (or equivalent) IV, were administered prior to incision. The animal was positioned in the right decubitus position, aseptically prepped, and draped. Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature and intravenous fluid infusion rate were monitored.