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Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Here are some examples of the antimicrobial activity of some cephalosporins. Cefadroxil, cephradine, cefaclor, and cephalexin are used orally for the therapy of both acute and chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections associated with Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and S. aureus (144). Cefoxitin is more potent against the Bacteroides fragilis species and many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Cefoxitin is also used in the treatment of pelvic and intraabdominal infections and is frequently employed as a preventive agent in patients subjected to pelvic or colorectal surgery (144).
Antiseptics, antibiotics and chemotherapy
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Guiseppe Brotzu, of the University of Caligari, hypothesized in the mid–1940s that the apparent periodic clearance of microorganisms from the vicinity of a sewage outlet at Caligari was due to the inhibitory effects of substances produced by the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium chrysogenum. The substance was identified as cephalosporin C by researchers in Oxford. And so the family of cephalosporins was born. Modified cephalosporins included cephalexin, cephradine, cefaclor, Cefadroxil, and others.
C
Published in Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham, The Renal Drug Handbook, 2018
Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham
Cefradine is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, over 90% of an oral dose or 60–80% of an intramuscular dose being recovered within 6 hours. Probenecid delays excretion.
Comparative efficacy of cephradine-loaded silver and gold nanoparticles against resistant human pathogens
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Ajmal Khan, Humera Jabeen, Touqeer Ahmad, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Saleha Suleman Khan, Huma Shareef, Rizwana Sarwar, Saira Yahya, Nusrat Hussain, Jalal Uddin, Javid Hussain, Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Cephradine is a β-lactam antibiotic, active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting or producing cross-link during bacterial cell wall synthesis. Instead of biological importance, cephradine possess low solubility in water, which limits its bioavailability and biomedical applications. In the current study, simple chemical methods for AgNP and AuNP synthesis were used, to increase their bioavailability in cells and tissues. The newly synthesised Ceph-Ag and Ceph-Au NPs exhibited enhanced antibiofilm activities against E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, and the oral pathogen S. mutans, when compared to the original antibiotic. In comparative efficacy, Ceph-Au NPs are more active than Ceph-Ag NPs and can be used to treat the diseases associated with MRSA and S. mutans, in the future.
Hybrid Reconstruction of the Aortic Arch Using a Double-Branched Stent-Graft in a Canine Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Fan Qiao, Cunhua Su, Qingqi Han, Mengwei Tan, Jun Wang, Yang Liu, Fanglin Lu, Lin Han, Zhiyun Xu
The canines were sedated with an intramuscular injection of atropine sulphate (0.5 mg/mL dog), and ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg). Endotracheal intubation was performed after anesthetic induction with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg), fentanyl citrate (2 µg/kg), and rocuronium bromide (0.6 mg/kg), followed by mechanical ventilation with oxygen at an appropriate concentration. Anesthesia was maintained with intravenous administration of propofol (6 mg/kg/h), fentanyl citrate (1 µg/kg/h), and rocuronium bromide (0.1 mg/kg/h). Arterial blood pressure was monitored via a catheter placed in the aperture of the right femoral artery, and electrocardiography was performed via limb leads. Cerebral perfusion was monitored using an INVOS cerebral oximeter (Somanetics Corporation, USA). Each dog received an appropriate amount of intravenous fluid with electrolytes during the surgery. One gram of cefradine antibiotic prophylaxis was administered perioperatively to prevent infection.
Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent surgical site infections in Botswana: findings and implications
Published in Hospital Practice, 2018
Julius C. Mwita, Sajini Souda, Mgaywa G. M. D. Magafu, Amos Massele, Brian Godman, Michael Mwandri
Normally, selection of antibiotic prophylaxis should be based on multiple factors including the normal floral distribution of the site to be operated and the antibiotic resistance patterns in the hospital setting [1,17,27,31,32]. Usually, broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially the cephalosporins, are preferred to narrow-spectrum antibiotics [27]. Because of its longer half-life than other first-generation cephalosporin, a single dose of cefazolin has been ideal for many procedures [42]. As cefazolin is not available in our setting, the Botswana national guidelines recommend cefradine, a first-generation cephalosporin, for most procedures [33]. Despite this, cefradine was prescribed in only 13% of all patients who were administered antibiotics. The majority of our patients received cefotaxime, often in combination with metronidazole. This low compliance with the guideline not only increases hospital costs but also poses an increased risk of resistance to cefotaxime, increasing the occurrence of antibiotic resistance which we need to address [20].