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Carbenicillin, Carindacillin, Carfecillin, and Ticarcillin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Carbenicillin was satisfactory for treatment of Proteus infections, particularly those caused by ampicillin-resistant species (Ross et al., 1970). Carbenicillin was also useful for the treatment of infections due to E. coli and Enterobacter spp. on rare occasions, if indicated by sensitivity tests (Standiford et al., 1969).
Penicillins
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
These are extended-spectrum penicillins (consisting of carboxypenicillins and ureido-penicillins), which were developed because of increasing resistance in gram-negative bacilli. The carboxypenicillins consists of carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Carbenicillin is synthesized by substitution of a carboxyl group for an amino group on ampicillin and, in turn, ticarcillin is derived by substitutions on carbenicillin. This group has increased activity against P. aeruginosa (ticarcillin is two to four times as active as carbenicillin) (10). However, this additional spectrum is not true for Klebsiella and Serratia, and these agents’binding to PBP of enterococci is poor, resulting in decreased activity against these organisms. The parenteral formulation is available for both carbenicillin and ticarcillin, while the oral form is only for carbenicillin. The oral form is used to treat chronic bacterial prostatitis in the elderly (9). Before selecting a carboxypenicillin an assessment of patient's risk (underlying cardiac or renal disease) for fluid overload should be made because these drugs have a high sodium content. Excretion is primarily via the renal tubular system and dosing should be based on creatinine clearance in the elderly to reduce the risks of complications. It is recommended not to mix carboxypenicillins and aminoglycosides, since it can lead to inactivation of aminoglycosides.
Trans-cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan based nanocapsules display antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Ran Mu, Hanyi Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xinyue Li, Jiaxuan Ji, Xinyue Wang, Yu Gu, Xiaofei Qin
The animal study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Zunyi Medical University (ZMU21-2302-008). The rat caries model was performed using a modified method [34,35] (Scheme 2). We determined the optimal sample size of animals used based on the literature [36]. Forty of 21-day-old male SD rats were fed with diets containing carbenicillin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol from 21 to 24 day-old before establishing oral bacterial inoculation. After 3 days, the rats were inoculated twice daily with S. mutans suspension from 24 to 29 day-old. At the same time, these rats were fed Keyes 2000 # diet until the end of the experimental period to induce severe dental caries. After the completion of bacterial solution inoculation, rats were anesthetized with isoflurane every 3 days and fed with 200 μL of the corresponding drug in each group, and the drug was dipped into a sterile cotton swab and fully smeared on the tooth surface of rats for 5 min. Moreover, general conditions such as body weight, fur color, and activity of the rats were recorded throughout the experiment. Finally, the rats were sacrificed after gas anesthesia at 45 day-olds.
Indole intercepts the communication between enteropathogenic E. coli and Vibrio cholerae
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Orna Gorelik, Alona Rogad, Lara Holoidovsky, Michael M. Meijler, Neta Sal-Man
The wild-type (WT) enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O127:H6 strain E2348/69 (streptomycin-resistant) and the ΔescN null strain (Table 1) were grown at 37°C in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (Sigma) supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics unless otherwise indicated. E. coli (EPEC) O127:H6 strain E2348/69 carrying pACYC184 empty vector (Table 1) was grown in LB broth supplemented with chloramphenicol. V. cholerae O1 In ET-122 (+) strains (WT, ΔcqsA, and the MM920 reporter strain – Table 1) were grown at 30°C in LB broth supplemented with appropriate antibiotics. B. thetaiotaomicron (Table 1) was grown at 37°C in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, Sigma) broth under static, anaerobic conditions. The following antibiotics were used for this study: streptomycin (50 µg/mL), carbenicillin (100 µg/mL), chloramphenicol (35 µg/mL), and tetracycline (12.5 µg/mL).
Interactions and substrate selectivity within the SctRST complex of the type III secretion system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Irit Tseytin, Shir Lezerovich, Nofar David, Neta Sal-Man
Wild-type (WT) EPEC O127:H6 strain E2348/69 (streptomycin-resistant)41 and the EPEC null mutants, ΔescN, ΔescS, and ΔescT,11,42 were used to assess the T3SS and translocation activities. E. coli BL21 (λDE3) was used for protein expression, and E. coli DH10B was used for plasmid handling. The E. coli strains (Table 1) were grown at 37°C, unless otherwise indicated, in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (Sigma) supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics. Bacterial growth was assessed by monitoring the absorbance at 600 nm of cultures grown in DMEM, without phenol red and with or without isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), for 6 h at 37°C. Antibiotics were used at the following concentrations: streptomycin (50 μg/mL), carbenicillin (100 μg/mL), and kanamycin (50 μg/mL).