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Alternative Tumor-Targeting Strategies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
In terms of the choice of enzyme, two examples of families that have been studied for this purpose are the matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and the P450s. The MMPs are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases which degrade extracellular matrix components and remodel tissues, and are thought to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. The P450s are mixed function oxidases displaying selective aromatic hydroxylase activity. One family member, CYP1B1, is thought to be over-expressed in a wide variety of human tumors but not in normal tissues. Prodrugs sensitive to these two enzymes are still at the discovery stage and so are only just beginning to reach clinical evaluation.
Herbal and Supplement Use in Pain Management
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Drug interactions: CYP1B1 inducer: interaction with CYP1B1 substrates can decrease levels of these drugs metabolized by this enzyme.138Anticonvulsants: can impair biotin absorption.
The eye
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
Congenital glaucoma may develop secondary to anterior segment malformation (Peters anomaly, Rieger syndrome, aniridia) and other generalised ocular problems (e.g. Sturge-Weber syndrome). When it is primary, a proportion of families appears to follow autosomal recessive inheritance, but isolated cases are much too common for this mode to explain all cases. The risk to sibs after a single affected child is around 10%; after two affected sibs, a 25% risk should be advised. Risks to children of affected individuals are uncertain. Assuming a mixture of recessive and polygenic forms, a risk of 5% seems appropriate until data are available. A specific cytochrome P450 gene on chromosome 2p, CYP1B1, has been shown to be responsible for some recessively inherited families, but other genetic loci also exist.
Whole-exome screening for primary congenital glaucoma in Lebanon
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2023
Nadine J. Makhoul, Zahi Wehbi, Dalia El Hadi, Baha Noureddine, Rose-Mary Boustany, Christiane Al-Haddad
Interaction between these genes in PCG pathogenesis can occur. Twelve rare heterozygous missense mutations in TEK identified with four of them co-occurring with three heterozygous mutations in CYP1B1 exist (20). In this study, associated LTBP2/ANGPT1/TEK mutations were present in one patient with the highest initial and last IOP among the group, highest optic nerve cup-to-disk ratio and highest number of medications/surgeries needed. Adding to this, and in Family 2, a heterozygous missense mutation of CYP1B1 occurred in association with a COL1A1 mutation. The heterozygous missense CYP1B1 variant does not explain the glaucoma phenotype. The detection of a COL1A1 variant was suggested as a modifier gene and not a causative one, and other genes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the PCG in this patient. He presented at 18 months of age with severe corneal edema and cup/disc ratio of 0.9.
Genetic Epidemiology of Primary Congenital Glaucoma in the 22 Arab Countries: A Systematic Review
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Sara Jemmeih, Shaza Malik, Sarah Okashah, Hatem Zayed
Former reports revealed that PCG cases increase 10 times among consanguineous populations due to its recessive mode of inheritance of susceptible pathogenic variants.26 Consanguinity is relatively common in the Arab countries and reached up to 80% in some Arabian provinces like in Egypt (Nubia) and up to 66.7% in Saudi Arabia.27 In our study, consanguinity showed a range between 45–100% among PCG Arab patients. Multiple cases from Saudi Arabia with reported PCG among families that had consanguinity rates that reached up to 91%,28 100% in Kuwait,29 similarly in Oman, 89%30, 74% in Iraq,31 and 50% in Lebanon32 (Supplementary Table S1). High incidences of consanguinity among PCG patients may indicate for recessive pattern of inheritance for candidate variants.33 Nevertheless, cases of heterozygous inheritance pattern were also encountered in some variants in CYP1B1 gene, including c.182 G > A, c.1103 G > A, c.1405 C > T, g.4160 G > T, c.142 C > G, and c.1328 C > G, g.7900 C > T (Supplementary Table S1). However, it is difficult to estimate the correlation between the incidence of PCG and consanguinity unless the number of homozygous PCG patients is greater than would be normally predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Transition metal-catalysed A-ring C–H activations and C(sp2)–C(sp2) couplings in the 13α-oestrone series and in vitro evaluation of antiproliferative properties
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Péter Traj, Ali Hazhmat Abdolkhaliq, Anett Németh, Sámuel Trisztán Dajcs, Ferenc Tömösi, Tea Lanisnik-Rizner, István Zupkó, Erzsébet Mernyák
In addition to modifications at C-3, introduction of substituents onto C-2 of the estrane core led to potent anticancer agents of high value. 2-Halogenated and 2-phenylated derivatives were identified as efficient inhibitors against enzymes involved in the metabolism or biosynthesis of oestrogens34,62. It was highlighted that 2-phenyl derivatives display potent CYP1B1 inhibitory action34. CYP1B1 is responsible for the bioactivation of certain procarcinogens, thereby catalysing the synthesis of mutagenic compounds. The combination of a CYP1B1 inhibitor with an anticancer agent might be suitable for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers63,64. We recently described our results with respect to the antiproliferative action of 2- or 4-(substituted phenyl)-13α-estrones and their 3-benzyl ethers17. 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-13α-oestrone was found to be the most potent compound with low micromolar cell growth inhibitory action against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. An important structure–activity relationship was found, since the 3-benzyl ether counterpart proved to be ineffective. A substantial distinction was observed between the two pairs of breast and cervical cancer cell lines, concerning the cell growth inhibitory action. The triple negative breast and the HPV-16 positive cervical cell lines seemed to be less sensitive to the test compound.