China
Africa
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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 49-year-old woman developed acute allergic contact dermatitis after applying pure ichthammol to a furuncle near the right eye. A patch test with ichthammol was positive (5). A 45-year-old woman treated eczema of the feet with an ointment containing ichthammol, which aggravated the eczema. Patch tests were positive to parabens and the ointment and a cream containing ichthammol, but negative to wood and coal tars. The author suggested that the reactions were caused by concomitant sensitization to butylparaben, to glycol (??) and to purified ichthammol, but presented no supporting evidence (5).
Consumer Safety Considerations of Cosmetic Preservation*
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Corie A. Ellison, Alhaji U. N’jai, Donald L. Bjerke
In the early 21st century, the paraben family of preservatives came under special external scrutiny because of concern over their potential estrogenicity or endocrine disruption capabilities and possible links of paraben-containing underarm cosmetics to breast cancer. Although this issue attracted a great deal of public attention, no objective evidence has demonstrated any significant risk from current cosmetic usage of these preservatives (10). The SCCP published an extended opinion specifically focused on the breast cancer question and stated that, “in light of the present knowledge, there is no evidence of demonstrable risk for the development of breast cancer caused by the use of paraben-containing underarm cosmetics” (11). Additional opinions from the SCCP and SCCS further reviewed the paraben family and established usage limits for methyl- ethyl- propyl and butylparaben (12).
Preservation and Preservatives
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
INCI names: MethylparabenEthylparabenPropylparabenButylparaben
In vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of some paraben esters on human peripheral lymphocytes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Devrim Güzel Bayülken, Berrin Ayaz Tüylü
The European Union legislations regulate the limitations of PBs in products. For instance, the mixtures of PBs must be used in concentrations up to 0.8% in cosmetic products, while a single paraben must be used in concentrations of up to 0.4% (SSCS 2010). The use of isobutyl, phenyl, benzyl, and pentylparaben in cosmetic products has recently banned by the European Commission (EC 2014). Propyl paraben has been also used in food products in the EU. However, recently it has been removed from the permission list of food preservatives because of the reports of possible adverse effects on the endocrine system. But this ban does not include other esters of paraben (Bledzka et al. 2014). On the other hand, SCCS (2013) indicate that butyl and propyl PBs will be reliable for humans if concentrations of these PBs in cosmetic products do not exceed 0.19% of the total. It is considered by the Commission that the continued use of butyl paraben and propyl paraben at the maximum levels may cause a potential risk for human health. In addition, the use of propyl paraben and butyl paraben was prohibited by Danish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in cosmetic products for children under three years old since 2011, because it was found to be more harmful for infants and children (Danish MOE 2011). In addition, there is no adequate study on hazards of isopropyl paraben and isobutyl paraben and their human risk (SCCS 2013). But in accordance with current legislations, most of PBs have been still extensively used and characterized as ‘safe compound’.
Some pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianolic acid A following single-dose oral administration to rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Jialin Sun, Junke Song, Wen Zhang, Fanbo Jing, Wen Xu, Ping Leng, Xianghua Quan, Guanhua Du, Zhongguo Sui
Butyl paraben (internal standard, IS) was obtained from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Caco-2 cells were bought from American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA). Acetonitrile (CH3CN, LC–MS-grade) and methanol (MeOH, LC–MS-grade) were purchased from J.T. Baker (Seattle, WA). Formic acid (HCOOH, HPLC-grade) was obtained from TEDIA (Fairfield). All the other reagents were of analytical grade. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Reagent Co. (Beijing, China). Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, VC) was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Minimal essential medium nonessential amino acid (MEM NEAA), sodium pyruvate, penicillin–streptomycin and HEPES were obtained from GIBCO (Langley, OK). Transwell plates were obtained from CORNING (Corning, NY). Anticoagulation tubes with heparin were from Jiangsu Kangjian Healthcare Co. Ltd (Taizhou, Jiangsu, China). Watsons distilled water (Hongkong, China) was used throughout the study.
Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ashley L. Ball, Megan E. Solan, Marco E. Franco, Ramon Lavado
To provide a knowledge base for future human and wildlife health studies, this study was designed to explore the cytotoxic effects of five parent parabens: MP, ethylparaben (EP), PP, butylparaben (BuP), and BeP, the primary metabolite 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA); and three halogenated paraben byproducts: methyl 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzoate (CMP), methyl 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzoate (DCMP), and methyl 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate (DBMP) in human and fish cell lines (Figure 1).